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Clinical paracoccidioidomycosis is 13 times more common in men than in women. Estrogen inhibits the transition of mycelia or conidia (the saprophytic form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) to yeasts (the parasitic form) in vitro. Here, we show that, in male mice that were infected intranasally (mimicking natural infection) the transition of conidia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids to intermediate forms and yeasts occurred over 24 to 96 h; CFU and yeasts (shown by histopathology) increased subsequently. In females, transition did not occur and infection cleared. These events in vivo are consistent with epidemiological and in vitro observations, suggesting that female hormones block transition and are responsible for resistance.
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
December 2005,
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B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
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A Restrepo
August 1986,
Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology,
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
October 1987,
Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology,
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
December 2004,
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B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
August 2004,
Medical mycology,
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
November 2011,
Yeast (Chichester, England),
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
February 2010,
Medical mycology,
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
September 2013,
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
July 2012,
Medical mycology,
B H Aristizabal, and
K V Clemons, and
D A Stevens, and
A Restrepo
March 1988,
Infection and immunity,
