Biomaterial Database

Current concepts of total knee arthroplasty. 1998

S D Martin, and R D Scott, and T S Thornhill

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Total knee arthroplasty has become a reliable surgical procedure to treat painful degenerative arthritis. Pain relief and functional improvement is excellent and can allow patients to maintain an active lifestyle. Criteria for the type of prostheses selected should include diagnosis, age, functional level, severity of the disease, and patient expectations. Improved instrumentation, attention to surgical detail, including soft tissue balancing of the knee, and the use of polyethylene inserts greater than 8 mm have led to excellent long-term results and low failure rates. Recent improvements in revision total knee systems should significantly improve the long-term results of revision knee arthroplasty. The addition of modular implants has greatly increased the versatility of most systems and allows the surgeon to custom tailor the implant, contingent upon the amount of bony and ligamentous deficiency of the knee. The future goals of total knee arthroplasty include the development of knee systems that mimic normal joint kinematics with improved fixation and decreased polyethylene wear rates.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010027	Osteotomy	The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)	Osteotomies
D011095	Polyethylenes	Synthetic thermoplastics that are tough, flexible, inert, and resistant to chemicals and electrical current. They are often used as biocompatible materials for prostheses and implants.	Ethylene Polymers,Ethene Homopolymers,Homopolymers, Ethene,Polymers, Ethylene
D011474	Prosthesis Design	The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.	Design, Prosthesis,Designs, Prosthesis,Prosthesis Designs
D005081	Exercise Therapy	A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.	Rehabilitation Exercise,Remedial Exercise,Therapy, Exercise,Exercise Therapies,Exercise, Rehabilitation,Exercise, Remedial,Exercises, Rehabilitation,Exercises, Remedial,Rehabilitation Exercises,Remedial Exercises,Therapies, Exercise
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016896	Treatment Outcome	Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.	Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D018579	Patient Selection	Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.	Patient Recruitment,Research Subject Recruitment,Selection Criteria,Research Subject Selection,Selection for Treatment,Selection of Research Volunteers,Selection of Subjects,Criteria, Selection,Recruitment, Patient,Recruitment, Research Subject,Recruitments, Research Subject,Research Subject Recruitments,Research Subject Selections,Research Volunteers Selection,Research Volunteers Selections,Selection for Treatments,Selection, Patient,Selection, Research Subject,Selections, Research Subject,Subject Recruitment, Research,Subject Recruitments, Research,Subject Selection, Research,Subject Selections, Research,Subjects Selection,Subjects Selections,Treatment, Selection for,Treatments, Selection for,Volunteers Selection, Research
D019645	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee	Replacement of the knee joint.	Knee Replacement, Total,Arthroplasties, Knee Replacement,Arthroplasties, Replacement, Knee,Arthroplasty, Knee Replacement,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Partial Knee,Knee Arthroplasty,Knee Arthroplasty, Total,Knee Replacement Arthroplasties,Knee Replacement Arthroplasty,Partial Knee Arthroplasty,Partial Knee Replacement,Replacement Arthroplasties, Knee,Replacement Arthroplasty, Knee,Replacement, Total Knee,Total Knee Replacement,Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty,Unicompartmental Knee Replacement,Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty,Unicondylar Knee Replacement,Arthroplasty, Knee,Arthroplasty, Partial Knee,Arthroplasty, Total Knee,Arthroplasty, Unicompartmental Knee,Arthroplasty, Unicondylar Knee,Knee Arthroplasty, Partial,Knee Arthroplasty, Unicompartmental,Knee Arthroplasty, Unicondylar,Knee Replacement, Partial,Knee Replacement, Unicompartmental,Knee Replacement, Unicondylar,Total Knee Arthroplasty
D020370	Osteoarthritis, Knee	Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	Osteoarthritis of Knee,Osteoarthritis of the Knee,Knee Osteoarthritides,Knee Osteoarthritis