Biomaterial Database

Blink reflex recovery cycle in patients with blepharospasm unilaterally treated with botulinum toxin. 1998

F Grandas, and A Traba, and F Alonso, and A Esteban

Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

To determine whether Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTXA) has an effect on the Central Nervous System, the authors studied the excitability of the blink reflex recovery cycle in 12 patients with blepharospasm before and 3 weeks after unilateral BTXA injections. To avoid recording from severely denervated muscles, the R2 response of the blink reflex was obtained from the untreated orbicularis oculi with both ipsilateral and contralateral supraorbital nerve stimulation. Baseline recovery curves were compared with a control group (n = 11) and showed an enhanced recovery of the R2 component. There were no significant differences between the recovery curves of the R2 component of the blink reflex taken before BTXA treatment and those taken after treatment. This finding confirms that BTXA does not modify the excitability of brainstem interneurons that mediate the bilateral R2 response of the blink reflex in patients with blepharospasm.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007395	Interneurons	Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.	Intercalated Neurons,Intercalated Neuron,Interneuron,Neuron, Intercalated,Neurons, Intercalated
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009435	Synaptic Transmission	The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.	Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D009465	Neuromuscular Agents	Drugs used for their actions on skeletal muscle. Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS.	Skeletal Muscle Relaxants,Neuromuscular Effect,Neuromuscular Effects,Agents, Neuromuscular,Effect, Neuromuscular,Effects, Neuromuscular,Muscle Relaxants, Skeletal,Relaxants, Skeletal Muscle
D009801	Oculomotor Muscles	The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.	Extraocular Muscles,Extraocular Rectus Muscles,Inferior Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Inferior Oblique Muscles,Levator Palpebrae Superioris,Musculus Orbitalis,Oblique Extraocular Muscles,Oblique Muscle, Inferior,Oblique Muscle, Superior,Oblique Muscles, Extraocular,Rectus Muscles, Extraocular,Superior Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Superior Oblique Muscle,Extraocular Muscle,Extraocular Muscle, Oblique,Extraocular Muscles, Oblique,Extraocular Oblique Muscle,Extraocular Oblique Muscles,Extraocular Rectus Muscle,Inferior Oblique Muscle,Muscle, Oculomotor,Muscles, Oculomotor,Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Oblique Muscle, Extraocular,Oblique Muscles, Inferior,Oblique Muscles, Superior,Oculomotor Muscle,Rectus Muscle, Extraocular,Superior Oblique Muscles
D009882	Ophthalmic Nerve	A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.	Nerve, Ophthalmic,Nerves, Ophthalmic,Ophthalmic Nerves
D009915	Orbit	Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	Eye Socket,Eye Sockets,Orbits,Socket, Eye,Sockets, Eye
D011930	Reaction Time	The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.	Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D001764	Blepharospasm	Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.	Blepharospasms