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Low-dose phase contrast x-ray medical imaging. 1998

F Arfelli, and M Assante, and V Bonvicini, and A Bravin, and G Cantatore, and E Castelli, and L Dalla Palma, and M Di Michiel, and R Longo, and A Olivo, and S Pani, and D Pontoni, and P Poropat, and M Prest, and A Rashevsky, and G Tromba, and A Vacchi, and E Vallazza, and F Zanconati
Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Italy.

Phase contrast x-ray imaging is a powerful technique for the detection of low-contrast details in weakly absorbing objects. This method is of possible relevance in the field of diagnostic radiology. In fact, imaging low-contrast details within soft tissue does not give satisfactory results in conventional x-ray absorption radiology, mammography being a typical example. Nevertheless, up to now all applications of the phase contrast technique, carried out on thin samples, have required radiation doses substantially higher than those delivered in conventional radiological examinations. To demonstrate the applicability of the method to mammography we produced phase contrast images of objects a few centimetres thick while delivering radiation doses lower than or comparable to doses needed in standard mammographic examinations (typically approximately 1 mGy mean glandular dose (MGD)). We show images of a custom mammographic phantom and of two specimens of human breast tissue obtained at the SYRMEP bending magnet beamline at Elettra, the Trieste synchrotron radiation facility. The introduction of an intensifier screen enabled us to obtain phase contrast images of these thick samples with radiation doses comparable to those used in mammography. Low absorbing details such as 50 microm thick nylon wires or thin calcium deposits (approximately 50 microm) within breast tissue, invisible with conventional techniques, are detected by means of the proposed method. We also find that the use of a bending magnet radiation source relaxes the previously reported requirements on source size for phase contrast imaging. Finally, the consistency of the results has been checked by theoretical simulations carried out for the purposes of this experiment.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008327 Mammography Radiographic examination of the breast. 3D-Mammography,Digital Breast Tomosynthesis,Digital Mammography,X-ray Breast Tomosynthesis,3D Mammography,3D-Mammographies,Breast Tomosyntheses, Digital,Breast Tomosyntheses, X-ray,Breast Tomosynthesis, Digital,Breast Tomosynthesis, X-ray,Digital Breast Tomosyntheses,Digital Mammographies,Mammographies,Mammographies, Digital,Mammography, Digital,X ray Breast Tomosynthesis,X-ray Breast Tomosyntheses
D008858 Microscopy, Phase-Contrast A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate. Phase-Contrast Microscopy,Microscopies, Phase-Contrast,Microscopy, Phase Contrast,Phase Contrast Microscopy,Phase-Contrast Microscopies
D011859 Radiography Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). Radiology, Diagnostic X-Ray,Roentgenography,X-Ray, Diagnostic,Diagnostic X-Ray,Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology,X-Ray Radiology, Diagnostic,Diagnostic X Ray,Diagnostic X Ray Radiology,Diagnostic X-Rays,Radiology, Diagnostic X Ray,X Ray Radiology, Diagnostic,X Ray, Diagnostic,X-Rays, Diagnostic
D003952 Diagnostic Imaging Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy. Imaging, Diagnostic,Imaging, Medical,Medical Imaging
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001706 Biopsy Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body. Biopsies
D014965 X-Rays Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source. Grenz Ray,Grenz Rays,Roentgen Ray,Roentgen Rays,X Ray,X-Ray,Xray,Radiation, X,X-Radiation,Xrays,Ray, Grenz,Ray, Roentgen,Ray, X,Rays, Grenz,Rays, Roentgen,Rays, X,X Radiation,X Rays,X-Radiations
D017356 Synchrotrons Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and magnetic field strength varies (the accelerating voltage is held constant for electrons) in order to keep the orbit radius constant. Synchrotron

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