Biomaterial Database

Electromyographic study during isometric exercise of the shoulder in head-out water immersion. 1998

H Fujisawa, and N Suenaga, and A Minami

Department of Rehabilitation, Noboribetsu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Japan.

Water exercises are used for early rehabilitation programs after shoulder injury such as rotator cuff tear, yet no literature discusses the muscle activity of such rehabilitation programs in water. The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic activity from 8 volunteers during isometric exercises in water and on land. Nine isometric exercises were studied: with 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees shoulder flexion and abduction, and 3 positions of shoulder rotation at 0 degrees abduction (both maximal internal and external rotation and mid-position). Nine parts of 6 muscles were studied: the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, 2 parts of the pectoralis major (clavicular and costal), 3 parts of the deltoid (anterior, middle, and posterior), and the latissimus dorsi. The electromyographic signals were low-pass filtered, full-wave rectified, and integrated for 5 seconds. The electromyographic activity was quantified as a percentage of the maximal manual muscle test. The results showed that supraspinatus activity at 90 degrees abduction significantly decreased from 22.3+/-15.8 on land to 3.9+/-3.3% manual muscle test in water (P < .01). Other muscle activities in water also decreased remarkably compared with those on land. These results provide valuable information for the safety of water exercise for early rehabilitation programs after shoulder injury such as rotator cuff tear.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007101	Immersion	The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.	Submersion,Immersions,Submersions
D008297	Male		Males
D004576	Electromyography	Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.	Electromyogram,Surface Electromyography,Electromyograms,Electromyographies,Electromyographies, Surface,Electromyography, Surface,Surface Electromyographies
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000070599	Shoulder Injuries	Injuries involving the SHOULDERS and SHOULDER JOINT.	SLAP Tears,Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior Injuries,Injuries, Shoulder,Injury, Shoulder,SLAP Tear,Shoulder Injury,Tear, SLAP,Tears, SLAP
D000070636	Rotator Cuff Injuries	Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint.	Glenoid Labral Tears,Rotator Cuff Tears,Rotator Cuff Tendinitis,Rotator Cuff Tendinosis,Cuff Injury, Rotator,Glenoid Labral Tear,Injury, Rotator Cuff,Labral Tear, Glenoid,Labral Tears, Glenoid,Rotator Cuff Injury,Rotator Cuff Tear,Rotator Cuff Tendinitides,Rotator Cuff Tendinoses,Tear, Glenoid Labral,Tear, Rotator Cuff,Tears, Rotator Cuff,Tendinitis, Rotator Cuff,Tendinoses, Rotator Cuff,Tendinosis, Rotator Cuff
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D012785	Shoulder Joint	The articulation between the head of the HUMERUS and the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA.	Glenohumeral Joint,Glenoid Labrum,Glenohumeral Joints,Joint, Glenohumeral,Joint, Shoulder,Joints, Glenohumeral,Joints, Shoulder,Labrum, Glenoid,Shoulder Joints
D015444	Exercise	Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.	Aerobic Exercise,Exercise, Aerobic,Exercise, Isometric,Exercise, Physical,Isometric Exercise,Physical Activity,Acute Exercise,Exercise Training,Activities, Physical,Activity, Physical,Acute Exercises,Aerobic Exercises,Exercise Trainings,Exercise, Acute,Exercises,Exercises, Acute,Exercises, Aerobic,Exercises, Isometric,Exercises, Physical,Isometric Exercises,Physical Activities,Physical Exercise,Physical Exercises,Training, Exercise,Trainings, Exercise
D018482	Muscle, Skeletal	A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.	Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles