The non-penalization envisaged by the new law concerning the use and possession of drugs, will not cause the population of drug addicts to disappear from the prisons; it is however to be expected a qualitative modification of them, with the drug addicts clinically in most serious and persistent conditions and more involved with the criminal subculture, gradually increasing in number. Such individuals will represent a group of potential customers much different from that found up to now, and their more meaningful features will concern their age (higher), polytoxicomania (almost always resulting in heroinism), the abandonment of all family ties, of the pristine social and cultural status, of work, to acquire a new role, where identity is extremely ambiguous and uncertain. As concerns the treatment hypotheses, the less involved users being no longer dealth with--upon whom the attention of operators had been chiefly centered, and on whom the prospects of a psychotherapeutic success had been founded--only two solutions are regarded as implementable in the future: either to give up all intramural treatments, with the exception of those having a medical character, and, extramurally, to provide for the supply (controlled and through dispensaries) of heroin or substitute drugs, so as to reduce as much as possible the danger drug addicts represent for society; or to establish therapeutic or intramural communities, forming the one instrument capable of suggesting or conditioning new identity patterns, as an initial stage of an analogous institutional treatment to be continued when the convict leaves the prison.