Biomaterial Database

Coenzyme-A-dependent esterification of cholesterol in rat intestinal mucosa. 1976

R Haugen, and K R Norum

Rat intestinal mucosa contains an enzyme which catalyses the esterification of cholesterol. The enzyme is CoA-dependent and probably an acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) (E.C.2.3.1.26). Maximal activity in vitro is obtained when long chain acylcarnitines, CoA and carnitine palmityltransferase are used as an acyl-CoA generating system. The enzyme is localized in the microsomal fraction, has a pH optimum between 6.4-7.2, and oleate is the preferred acyl group. The activity of the enzyme is highest in the proximal jejunum, and has a capacity that can account for all cholesteryl esters found in intestinal rat lymph.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007413	Intestinal Mucosa	Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.	Intestinal Epithelium,Intestinal Glands,Epithelium, Intestinal,Gland, Intestinal,Glands, Intestinal,Intestinal Gland,Mucosa, Intestinal
D007421	Intestine, Small	The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.	Small Intestine,Intestines, Small,Small Intestines
D008297	Male		Males
D008861	Microsomes	Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	Microsome
D002333	Carnitine Acyltransferases	Acyltransferases in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl-CoA to L-carnitine and thereby mediate the transport of activated fatty acids through that membrane. EC 2.3.1.	Acylcarnitine Translocase,Carnitine Translocase,Carnitine-Acetylcarnitine Translocase,Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase,Acyltransferases, Carnitine,Carnitine Acetylcarnitine Translocase,Carnitine Acylcarnitine Translocase,Translocase, Acylcarnitine,Translocase, Carnitine,Translocase, Carnitine-Acetylcarnitine,Translocase, Carnitine-Acylcarnitine
D002334	Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase	An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. EC 2.3.1.21.	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase,CPT II,Carnitine Acyltransferase I,Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I,Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II,Palmitoylcarnitine Transferase,Palmitylcarnitine Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase I, Carnitine,Acyltransferase, Palmitylcarnitine,Carnitine O Palmitoyltransferase,II, Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase,O-Palmitoyltransferase, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase I, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase II, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase, Carnitine,Transferase, Palmitoylcarnitine
D002784	Cholesterol	The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.	Epicholesterol
D002785	Sterol O-Acyltransferase	An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.	Acyl-CoA-Cholesterol Acyltransferase,Cholesterol Acyltransferase,Cholesterol Esterifying Enzyme,Acyl CoA Cholesterol Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase, Acyl-CoA-Cholesterol,Acyltransferase, Cholesterol,Enzyme, Cholesterol Esterifying,Esterifying Enzyme, Cholesterol,O-Acyltransferase, Sterol,Sterol O Acyltransferase
D003065	Coenzyme A		CoA,CoASH
D004951	Esterification	The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.	Esterifications