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In 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV. Caregivers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) instituted a program of universal voluntary HIV testing of pregnant females combined with maternal education regarding ZDV prophylaxis in October 1994. Since that time, 7 of 39 (18%) infants referred to Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH) for evaluation of perinatal HIV exposure have been infected compared to 21 of 53 (40%) referred prior to October 1994, (p = 0.042). Unfortunately, of the 39 infants referred to ACH after October 1994, 21 were born to HIV-infected mothers who did not comply with prophylaxis. Fifteen of these mothers were not offered intravenous ZDV during delivery; five have children infected with HIV. These data indicate the need for increased efforts by health officials in Arkansas to institute nationally recommended methods of prevention of perinatal HIV.
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