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To identify salivary biomarkers of periodontal diseases, we used plaque-resistant and -susceptible rats as animal models. The levels of salivary cystatin S in saliva, salivary glands, and gingiva were tested in Nembutal-anesthetized young and adult plaque-resistant and -susceptible rats of both sexes with and without chronic treatment with isoproterenol. Isoproterenol was injected i.p. once a day for 4 or 6 consecutive days. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis by the PhastSystem and the western blotting method were used to separate different proteins and to identify a salivary cystatin S band in these samples. The expression of salivary cystatin S mRNA was also determined by the northern blotting method. Depending upon the types of agonists, a few differences were observed in secretory functions between both strains of rats in both sexes, but the levels of salivary cystatin S in saliva elicited from the submandibular gland and in the extracts of the submandibular glands and gingiva were significantly higher in plaque-resistant rats when compared with those of plaque-susceptible rats in both sexes. However, no significant difference was seen between the strains after chronic treatment with isoproterenol. The N-terminal 26-amino-acid sequence of salivary cystatin S purified from submandibular saliva of plaque-resistant rats was identical with that purified from submandibular saliva of Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to chronic treatment with isoproterenol. The expression of salivary cystatin S mRNA was dramatic in the submandibular glands of the plaque-resistant rats and in the submandibular glands of Wistar rats subjected to chronic treatment with isoproterenol, but not in those of plaque-susceptible rats. These results suggest that salivary cystatin S might be a good biomarker in distinguishing between the two strains of rats and that its concentration is correlated with plaque resistance.
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
October 1998,
Brain research. Molecular brain research,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
August 1992,
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
January 1976,
Archives of oral biology,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
September 2000,
Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
October 1999,
Journal of dental research,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
January 1990,
The Biochemical journal,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
January 1975,
Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
March 2003,
Radiation research,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
November 1991,
Lipids,
K Abe, and
A Okina, and
T Yano, and
C Gao, and
H Ohmori, and
K Ishibashi, and
T Nishiura, and
A Letić-Gavrilović
March 1974,
Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology,
