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Eliciting vocalization in anesthetized dogs by midbrain stimulation is a useful procedure for studies of laryngeal and respiratory physiology. The goal of this report has been to construct a canine stereotaxic "map" that would allow investigators to locate midbrain stimulus sites producing vocalization. Motor responses to electrical stimulation at currents of 1.5 mA or less were observed at 1,158 stimulus sites throughout the midbrains of 8 dogs. Vocalization was observed at 213 stimulus sites. The highest probability of observing vocalization was for sites located 6 to 10 mm anterior, 6 to 7 mm lateral, and 5 to 8 mm dorsal to earbar zero. The vocalization region most likely consists of axons arising in the midbrain periaqueductal gray and coursing through the adjacent tegmentum; low-threshold sites are close to the medial lemniscus. The relationship between stimulus sites at which vocalization was elicited and sites producing other motor responses is described.
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
June 1975,
Brain research,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
June 1989,
Brain research,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
January 1990,
Neuroscience,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
March 1967,
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
June 1975,
Acta physiologica Scandinavica,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
November 1989,
The American review of respiratory disease,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
December 1989,
Artificial organs,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
December 1987,
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
March 1989,
No to shinkei = Brain and nerve,
K Liu, and
N P Solomon, and
E S Luschei
August 1993,
Journal of neurophysiology,
