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Determination of cadmium and lead in urine by electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 1998

K H Lee, and S H Liu, and S J Jiang
Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ID-ICP-MS) was applied to the determination of Cd and Pb in urine samples. The isotope ratios for each element in each analytical run were calculated from the peak areas of each isotope. A relatively low vaporization temperature was used, which separated the analyte from the major matrix components and improved the ion signals of Cd and Pb significantly. Various chemical modifiers were tested to obtain the best signal of Cd and Pb. After preliminary studies, 1% HNO3 was added to the samples as the chemical modifier. The ETV-ID-ICP-MS method was applied to the determination of Cd and Pb in freeze-dried urine reference material NIST SRM 2670 and several fresh urine samples. The results for NIST SRM 2670 agreed satisfactorily with the certified values. The results for other samples obtained by isotope dilution and the method of standard additions agreed satisfactorily. The detection limits were 0.02 and 0.005 ng ml-1 for Cd and Pb, respectively. The precision between sample replicates was better than 11% for all determinations.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007854 Lead A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.
D002104 Cadmium An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012680 Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D013058 Mass Spectrometry An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers. Mass Spectroscopy,Spectrometry, Mass,Spectroscopy, Mass,Spectrum Analysis, Mass,Analysis, Mass Spectrum,Mass Spectrum Analysis,Analyses, Mass Spectrum,Mass Spectrum Analyses,Spectrum Analyses, Mass

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