Biomaterial Database

Electromyographic guidance in injecting botulinum toxin. 1998

A W Klein, and A Mantell

Department of Dermatology/Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.

BACKGROUND Many practitioners involved with the cosmetic applications of botulinum toxin believe that electromyography (EMG) is an invaluable tool in determining the precise locations to inject. Others feel that it is unnecessary and of no value whatsoever. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to (1) demonstrate the proper technique for usage of the EMG machine, and (2) determine if its use in connection with injection of facial muscles for cosmetic purposes is worthwhile. CONCLUSIONS The anatomy of the muscles of the face is somewhat variable from person to person. Electromyography can be a valuable adjunct when injecting botulinum toxin for cosmetic purposes by ensuring that the injecting needle is precisely in the muscle, thereby ensuring that the botulinum toxin will have the greatest possible effect.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007273	Injections, Intramuscular	Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.	Intramuscular Injections,Injection, Intramuscular,Intramuscular Injection
D009121	Muscle Denervation	The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	Denervation, Muscle,Denervations, Muscle,Muscle Denervations
D009465	Neuromuscular Agents	Drugs used for their actions on skeletal muscle. Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS.	Skeletal Muscle Relaxants,Neuromuscular Effect,Neuromuscular Effects,Agents, Neuromuscular,Effect, Neuromuscular,Effects, Neuromuscular,Muscle Relaxants, Skeletal,Relaxants, Skeletal Muscle
D004576	Electromyography	Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.	Electromyogram,Surface Electromyography,Electromyograms,Electromyographies,Electromyographies, Surface,Electromyography, Surface,Surface Electromyographies
D005152	Facial Muscles	Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	Mimetic Muscles,Facial Muscle,Mimetic Muscle,Muscle, Facial,Muscle, Mimetic,Muscles, Facial,Muscles, Mimetic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D019274	Botulinum Toxins, Type A	A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.	Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A,Botulinum Toxin A,Botulinum Toxin Type A,Botox,Botulinum A Toxin,Botulinum Neurotoxin A,Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A,Clostridium botulinum A Toxin,Meditoxin,Neuronox,Oculinum,Onabotulinumtoxin A,OnabotulinumtoxinA,Vistabel,Vistabex,Neurotoxin A, Botulinum,Toxin A, Botulinum,Toxin, Botulinum A