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Twins were recruited through alcohol and drug treatment programs. With structural equation modeling, genetic and environmental estimates were obtained for use and DSM-III abuse/dependence of sedatives, opioids, cocaine, stimulants, and cannabis as well as any illicit drug. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females. Models included thresholds based on population prevalence of use or abuse/dependence and ever having been in treatment. Genetic influences were found for most measures. They were generally stronger for males than females and for clinical diagnoses of abuse/dependence compared to use. Common environmental influences played a greater role in use than abuse/dependence.
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
July 2005,
Journal of studies on alcohol,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
September 2006,
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
January 1999,
The American journal of psychiatry,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
October 2000,
American journal of medical genetics,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
November 1999,
Behavior genetics,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
March 2005,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
August 2004,
Sleep,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
September 2008,
Atherosclerosis,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
July 1999,
The Western journal of medicine,
M B van den Bree, and
E O Johnson, and
M C Neale, and
R W Pickens
April 2003,
The American journal of psychiatry,
