Biomaterial Database

alpha2-macroglobulin and C1-inactivator are plasma inhibitors of human glandular kallikrein. 1998

M J Heeb, and F España

Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and of Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. heeb@scripps.edu

Human glandular kallikrein (hK2) is a possible new marker for prostate cancer that is homologous to prostate specific antigen. Purified hK2 added to serum or plasma reacted with endogenous protease inhibitors to form complexes of >350, 135, and 80 kDa, and some hK2 remained free, as judged by immunoblotting. The former two complexes could be removed by specific antibodies to alpha2-macroglobulin and to C1- inactivator, respectively, and they comigrated on SDS-PAGE with complexes formed between hK2 and purified alpha2-macroglobulin or C1-inactivator. hK2 complexes of 80 kDa could not be completely removed with any anti-serpin antibody used. Thus, these may consist of more than one type of hK2 complex. In contrast, essentially all hK2 complexes were removed from seminal plasma by antibody to protein C inhibitor, demonstrating that protein C inhibitor is the only significant inhibitor of hK2 in semen. hK2 reacted more rapidly with alpha2-macroglobulin than with any other inhibitor in plasma or serum. Divalent metal ions and heparin did not appreciably affect the rate of formation of any of the hK2 complexes in serum or plasma or with purified alpha2-macroglobulin or C1-inactivator. Measurement of one or more of the hK2 forms identified here may have diagnostic or prognostic potential for prostate cancer.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007610	Kallikreins	Proteolytic enzymes from the serine endopeptidase family found in normal blood and urine. Specifically, Kallikreins are potent vasodilators and hypotensives and increase vascular permeability and affect smooth muscle. They act as infertility agents in men. Three forms are recognized, PLASMA KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.34), TISSUE KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.35), and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (EC 3.4.21.77).	Kallikrein,Kininogenase,Callicrein,Dilminal,Kallidinogenase,Kalliginogenase,Kallikrein A,Kallikrein B',Kallikrein Light Chain,Kinin-Forming Enzyme,Padutin,alpha-Kallikrein,beta-Kallikrein,beta-Kallikrein B,Enzyme, Kinin-Forming,Kinin Forming Enzyme,Light Chain, Kallikrein,alpha Kallikrein,beta Kallikrein,beta Kallikrein B
D008297	Male		Males
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	Cancer of Prostate,Prostate Cancer,Cancer of the Prostate,Neoplasms, Prostate,Neoplasms, Prostatic,Prostate Neoplasms,Prostatic Cancer,Cancer, Prostate,Cancer, Prostatic,Cancers, Prostate,Cancers, Prostatic,Neoplasm, Prostate,Neoplasm, Prostatic,Prostate Cancers,Prostate Neoplasm,Prostatic Cancers,Prostatic Neoplasm
D003174	Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins	Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits.	Complement 1 Esterase Inhibitors,Complement C1 Inactivating Proteins,Complement C1 Inhibiting Proteins,Complement C1 Inhibitor Proteins,Complement C1r Protease Inhibitor Proteins,Complement C1s Esterase Inhibitor Proteins,Complement Component 1 Inactivator Proteins
D004791	Enzyme Inhibitors	Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.	Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000511	alpha-Macroglobulins	Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. They include alpha 1-macroglobulins and alpha 2-macroglobulins. These proteins exhibit trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, thrombin-, and plasmin-binding activity and function as hormonal transporters.	Slow alpha 2-Macroglobulins,alpha 2-Acute Phase Globulins,alpha-Macrofetoproteins,45S RNP,Acute-Phase alpha 1-Protein,Slow alpha 2-Globulin,alpha 1-Acute Phase Globulin,alpha 1-Acute Phase Protein,alpha 1-Macroglobulin,alpha 2-Acute Phase Globulin,alpha-Macrofetoprotein,Acute Phase alpha 1 Protein,RNP, 45S,Slow alpha 2 Globulin,Slow alpha 2 Macroglobulins,alpha 1 Acute Phase Globulin,alpha 1 Acute Phase Protein,alpha 1 Macroglobulin,alpha 1-Protein, Acute-Phase,alpha 2 Acute Phase Globulin,alpha 2 Acute Phase Globulins,alpha 2-Globulin, Slow,alpha 2-Macroglobulins, Slow,alpha Macrofetoprotein,alpha Macrofetoproteins,alpha Macroglobulins
D014408	Biomarkers, Tumor	Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or BODY FLUIDS. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including HORMONES; ANTIGENS; amino and NUCLEIC ACIDS; ENZYMES; POLYAMINES; and specific CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS.	Biochemical Tumor Marker,Cancer Biomarker,Carcinogen Markers,Markers, Tumor,Metabolite Markers, Neoplasm,Tumor Biomarker,Tumor Marker,Tumor Markers, Biochemical,Tumor Markers, Biological,Biochemical Tumor Markers,Biological Tumor Marker,Biological Tumor Markers,Biomarkers, Cancer,Marker, Biochemical Tumor,Marker, Biologic Tumor,Marker, Biological Tumor,Marker, Neoplasm Metabolite,Marker, Tumor Metabolite,Markers, Biochemical Tumor,Markers, Biological Tumor,Markers, Neoplasm Metabolite,Markers, Tumor Metabolite,Metabolite Markers, Tumor,Neoplasm Metabolite Markers,Tumor Markers, Biologic,Tumor Metabolite Marker,Biologic Tumor Marker,Biologic Tumor Markers,Biomarker, Cancer,Biomarker, Tumor,Cancer Biomarkers,Marker, Tumor,Markers, Biologic Tumor,Markers, Carcinogen,Metabolite Marker, Neoplasm,Metabolite Marker, Tumor,Neoplasm Metabolite Marker,Tumor Biomarkers,Tumor Marker, Biochemical,Tumor Marker, Biologic,Tumor Marker, Biological,Tumor Markers,Tumor Metabolite Markers
D020840	Tissue Kallikreins	A family of trypsin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. They are formed from tissue prokallikrein by action with TRYPSIN. They are highly similar to PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN.	Human Glandular Kallikrein 1,Human Glandular Kallikrein 2,Human Glandular Kallikreins,Pancreatic Kallikrein,Urinary Kallikrein,hK1 Kallikrein,hK2 Kallikrein,Glandular Kallikrein,Glandular Kallikrein-1,Kallikrein 1,Kallikrein 2,Prostate Specific Kallikrein,Tissue Kallikrein,Glandular Kallikrein 1,Glandular Kallikreins, Human,Kallikrein, Glandular,Kallikrein, Pancreatic,Kallikrein, Prostate Specific,Kallikrein, Tissue,Kallikrein, Urinary,Kallikrein, hK1,Kallikrein, hK2,Kallikrein-1, Glandular,Kallikreins, Human Glandular,Kallikreins, Tissue,Specific Kallikrein, Prostate