Lactosylceramide mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and the adhesion of neutrophil in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 1998

A K Bhunia, and T Arai, and G Bulkley, and S Chatterjee
Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-3654, USA.

The endothelial expression of adhesion molecules by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been suggested to contribute to the initiation of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Since lactosylceramide (LacCer) accumulates in large quantities in human atherosclerotic plaque, we have explored its role in TNF-alpha-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and their consequent adhesion to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We found that TNF-alpha increased LacCer synthesis by way of stimulating the activity of UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta(1-->4)-galactosyltransferase in a time-dependent fashion. The TNF-alpha-induced expression of ICAM-1 was abrogated by D-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), an inhibitor of UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta(1-->4)-galactosyltransferase. However, the addition of LacCer reversed the D-PDMP effect on TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Northern hybridization analysis of mRNA levels and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that LacCer (5 microM) specifically stimulated ICAM-1 at both the transcriptional and translational levels. This was accompanied by the adhesion of PMNs, which was visualized by confocal microscopy. Further studies revealed that LacCer stimulated the endogenous generation of superoxide radicals (O-2) about 5-fold compared with the control by specifically activating plasma membrane-associated NADPH-dependent oxidase. This phenomenon was blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium. Overexpression of endogeneous CuZn-superoxide dismutase via an adenoviral vector carrying cDNA for CuZn-superoxide dismutase, also inhibited LacCer-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. In sum, our findings suggest that LacCer may play the role of a lipid second messenger in TNF-alpha-induced pathogenesis by activating an oxidant-sensitive transcriptional pathway that leads to the adhesion of PMNs to endothelial cells.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D007790 Lactosylceramides Glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a lactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase, is the cause of lactosylceramidosis. Lactosyl Ceramides,Ceramides, Lactosyl
D009025 Morpholines Tetrahydro-1,4-Oxazines,Tetrahydro 1,4 Oxazines
D009504 Neutrophils Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. LE Cells,Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils,Neutrophil Band Cells,Band Cell, Neutrophil,Cell, LE,LE Cell,Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear,Neutrophil,Neutrophil Band Cell,Neutrophil, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
D002448 Cell Adhesion Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells. Adhesion, Cell,Adhesions, Cell,Cell Adhesions
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D004730 Endothelium, Vascular Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components. Capillary Endothelium,Vascular Endothelium,Capillary Endotheliums,Endothelium, Capillary,Endotheliums, Capillary,Endotheliums, Vascular,Vascular Endotheliums
D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D005786 Gene Expression Regulation Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation. Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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