Biomaterial Database

Combination effects in chemical carcinogenesis (experimental results). 1976

D Schmähl

Most of the malignant tumors of man are not caused by only one specific carcinogen, but have to be attributed to additive effects of various carcinogenic factors, predominantly from the environment. Experimental studies in rats and mice showed syncarcinogenic effects of small doses of different carcinogens with the same organotropy, given either simultaneously or consecutively. These effects were proved in both local and systemic carcinogens. Extensive studies carried out in some thousand rats showed that the action of pre-or postnatally applied chemical carcinogens is not influenced by immunostimulating or immunodepressive measures. In view of the topicality of combination effects of chemical carcinogens and lacking influences by regulative mechanisms of the host organism, it is recommended to eliminate chemical carcinogens as far as possible from the human environment.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008113	Liver Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	Cancer of Liver,Hepatic Cancer,Liver Cancer,Cancer of the Liver,Cancer, Hepatocellular,Hepatic Neoplasms,Hepatocellular Cancer,Neoplasms, Hepatic,Neoplasms, Liver,Cancer, Hepatic,Cancer, Liver,Cancers, Hepatic,Cancers, Hepatocellular,Cancers, Liver,Hepatic Cancers,Hepatic Neoplasm,Hepatocellular Cancers,Liver Cancers,Liver Neoplasm,Neoplasm, Hepatic,Neoplasm, Liver
D009374	Neoplasms, Experimental	Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.	Experimental Neoplasms,Experimental Neoplasm,Neoplasm, Experimental
D009602	Nitrosamines	A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.	Nitrosamine
D001749	Urinary Bladder Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	Bladder Cancer,Bladder Neoplasms,Cancer of Bladder,Bladder Tumors,Cancer of the Bladder,Malignant Tumor of Urinary Bladder,Neoplasms, Bladder,Urinary Bladder Cancer,Bladder Cancers,Bladder Neoplasm,Bladder Tumor,Cancer, Bladder,Cancer, Urinary Bladder,Neoplasm, Bladder,Neoplasm, Urinary Bladder,Tumor, Bladder,Tumors, Bladder,Urinary Bladder Neoplasm
D002273	Carcinogens	Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.	Carcinogen,Oncogen,Oncogens,Tumor Initiator,Tumor Initiators,Tumor Promoter,Tumor Promoters,Initiator, Tumor,Initiators, Tumor,Promoter, Tumor,Promoters, Tumor
D003043	Cocarcinogenesis	The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	Cocarcinogeneses
D003494	Cyclamates	Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.	Cyclamic Acid,Calcium Cyclamate,Cyclamate,Cyclamate Calcium (2:1) Salt,Cyclamate, Calcium (2:1) Salt, Dihydrate,Cyclamate, Sodium Salt,Potassium Cyclamate,Sodium Cyclamate,Cyclamate, Calcium,Cyclamate, Potassium,Cyclamate, Sodium
D004052	Diethylnitrosamine	A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.	Nitrosodiethylamine,N-Nitrosodiethylamine,N Nitrosodiethylamine
D004195	Disease Models, Animal	Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response