To elucidate the mechanisms by which hematopoietic progenitor cells transmigrate via the bone marrow (BM) endothelial cells, we first established endothelial cell lines from BM and lung, and BM fibroblast cell lines; then we established an in vitro model of transendothelial migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the presence of chemoattractants secreted by BM fibroblast cells. The BM endothelial cells expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), but the lung endothelial cells did not. The BM fibroblast cells secreted chemoattractants including stroma cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, which could attract hematopoietic progenitor cells to BM and activate the adhesion molecules expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells after rolling along the endothelial cells. Anti-SDF-1 antibody inhibited the transendothelial migration of a hematopoietic progenitor cell line, FDCP-2. FDCP-2 that expressed very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) and normal progenitor cells transmigrated through BM endothelial cells but not lung endothelial cells, even if in the presence of chemoattractants produced by BM fibroblasts. Both anti-VLA-4 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies inhibited the transendothelial migration of FDCP-2 cells and normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. These findings suggest that the transendothelial migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells is characteristic of BM endothelial cells, and that VLA-4/VCAM-1 and SDF-1 play important roles in the transendothelial migration and, consequently, homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells to BM.