Biomaterial Database

Cell signal transduction through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. 1998

H W Schnaper

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D011494	Protein Kinases	A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.	Protein Kinase,Kinase, Protein,Kinases, Protein
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D017346	Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases	A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.	Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases,Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase,Serine-Threonine Protein Kinases,Protein-Serine Kinase,Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase,Protein-Threonine Kinase,Serine Kinase,Serine-Threonine Kinase,Serine-Threonine Kinases,Threonine Kinase,Kinase, Protein-Serine,Kinase, Protein-Serine-Threonine,Kinase, Protein-Threonine,Kinase, Serine-Threonine,Kinases, Protein Serine-Threonine,Kinases, Protein-Serine-Threonine,Kinases, Serine-Threonine,Protein Kinase, Serine-Threonine,Protein Kinases, Serine-Threonine,Protein Serine Kinase,Protein Serine Threonine Kinase,Protein Serine Threonine Kinases,Protein Threonine Kinase,Serine Threonine Kinase,Serine Threonine Kinases,Serine Threonine Protein Kinase,Serine Threonine Protein Kinases
D017871	Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases	A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)	Ca(2+)-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase,Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase,Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase,Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases,Multifunctional Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase,Restricted Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase,Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases, Multifunctional,Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases, Restricted,Calmodulin-Dependent Multiprotein Kinase,Calmodulin-Kinase,Cam-MPK,Multifunctional Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases,Restricted Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases,Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase,Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinases, Multifunctional,Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinases, Restricted,Calmodulin Dependent Multiprotein Kinase,Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase,Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinases,Calmodulin Kinase,Cam MPK,Kinase, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein,Kinase, Calmodulin-Dependent Protein,Multifunctional Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase,Multifunctional Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinases,Multiprotein Kinase, Calmodulin-Dependent,Protein Kinase, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent,Protein Kinase, Calmodulin-Dependent,Protein Kinases, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent,Protein Kinases, Calmodulin-Dependent,Restricted Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase,Restricted Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinases
D020929	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases	A dual-specific protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.	MAP Kinase Kinases,MAPK Kinase,MAPK Kinases,MAPK-ERK Kinase,MAPK-ERK Kinases,MAPKKs,MEK,MEKs,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase,MAP-ERK Kinase,MAPKK,Map Kinase Kinase,Kinase Kinase, Map,Kinase Kinases, MAP,Kinase, MAP-ERK,Kinase, MAPK,Kinase, MAPK-ERK,Kinase, Map Kinase,Kinases, MAP Kinase,Kinases, MAPK,Kinases, MAPK-ERK,MAP ERK Kinase,MAPK ERK Kinase,MAPK ERK Kinases,Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase,Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
D020930	MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).	MAP3 Kinase,MAPK-ERK Kinase Kinase,MAPK-ERK Kinase Kinases,MAPKKK,MAPKKKs,MEK Kinase,MEK Kinases,MEKK,MEKKs,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase,Kinases, MAP Kinase Kinase,MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase,MAP3 Kinases,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases,Kinase Kinase, MAPK-ERK,Kinase Kinases, MAPK-ERK,Kinase, MAP3,Kinase, MAPK-ERK Kinase,Kinase, MEK,Kinases, MAP3,Kinases, MAPK-ERK Kinase,Kinases, MEK,MAPK ERK Kinase Kinase,MAPK ERK Kinase Kinases,Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase,Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases