Biomaterial Database

A simple computer program for guiding management of cardiovascular risk factors and prescribing. 1999

A D Hingorani, and P Vallance

Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London W1P 9LN. a.hingorani@ucl.ac.uk

OBJECTIVE To describe, and to test against trial data, a simple and flexible computer program for calculating cardiovascular risk in individual patients as an aid to managing risk factors and prescribing drugs to lower cholesterol concentration and blood pressure. METHODS Descriptive comparison of actual cardiovascular risk in randomised controlled trials of cholesterol reduction with risk predicted by a computer program based on the Framingham risk equation. Comparison of the program's performance with that of tables and guidelines by means of hypothetical case examples. METHODS Average risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. RESULTS The computer program accurately predicted baseline absolute risk in a UK population as well as the relative and absolute reduction in risk from cholesterol lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. The program also allowed a more refined estimate of absolute risk of coronary heart disease than some existing tables and enabled the impact of prescribing decisions to be quantified and costed. CONCLUSIONS This simple computer program to estimate individuals' cardiovascular disease risk and display the benefits of intervention should help clinicians and patients decide on the most effective packages of risk reduction and identify those most likely to benefit from modulation of risk factors.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009203	Myocardial Infarction	NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	Cardiovascular Stroke,Heart Attack,Myocardial Infarct,Cardiovascular Strokes,Heart Attacks,Infarct, Myocardial,Infarction, Myocardial,Infarctions, Myocardial,Infarcts, Myocardial,Myocardial Infarctions,Myocardial Infarcts,Stroke, Cardiovascular,Strokes, Cardiovascular
D010818	Practice Patterns, Physicians'	Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.	Clinical Practice Patterns,Physician's Practice Patterns,Clinical Practice Pattern,Pattern, Clinical Practice,Patterns, Clinical Practice,Practice Pattern, Clinical,Practice Patterns, Clinical,Practice Patterns, Physician's,Prescribing Patterns, Physician,Physician Practice Patterns,Physician Prescribing Pattern,Physician Prescribing Patterns,Physician's Practice Pattern,Physicians' Practice Pattern,Physicians' Practice Patterns,Practice Pattern, Physician's,Practice Pattern, Physicians',Practice Patterns, Physician,Prescribing Pattern, Physician
D002318	Cardiovascular Diseases	Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	Adverse Cardiac Event,Cardiac Events,Major Adverse Cardiac Events,Adverse Cardiac Events,Cardiac Event,Cardiac Event, Adverse,Cardiac Events, Adverse,Cardiovascular Disease,Disease, Cardiovascular,Event, Cardiac
D002784	Cholesterol	The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.	Epicholesterol
D003327	Coronary Disease	An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	Coronary Heart Disease,Coronary Diseases,Coronary Heart Diseases,Disease, Coronary,Disease, Coronary Heart,Diseases, Coronary,Diseases, Coronary Heart,Heart Disease, Coronary,Heart Diseases, Coronary
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000924	Anticholesteremic Agents	Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.	Cholesterol Inhibitors,Hypocholesteremic Agents,Anticholesteremic Drugs,Anticholesteremics,Inhibitors, Cholesterol,Agents, Anticholesteremic,Agents, Hypocholesteremic,Drugs, Anticholesteremic
D012307	Risk Factors	An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.	Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor