Biomaterial Database

Identification of differentially expressed mRNAs in human fetal liver across gestation. 1999

K Malhotra, and K R Luehrsen, and L L Costello, and T J Raich, and K Sim, and L Foltz, and S Davidson, and H Xu, and A Chen, and D T Yamanishi, and G W Lindemann, and C A Cain, and M R Madlansacay, and S M Hashima, and T L Pham, and W Mahoney, and P A Schueler

Roche Diagnostics, Chief Technology Office, 2929 7th Street, Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.

Differential gene expression, with its precise start and stop times, is believed to be critical for the programmed development of new cells and tissues. Within the developing fetus, one tissue of particular interest is fetal liver. This organ undergoes rapid changes in the pathway toward liver development in utero since it is also the major site of hematopoiesis, until bone marrow hematopoiesis predominates. Believing that patterns would emerge from the bi-weekly large-scale inspection of expressed genes in the fetal liver, we employed differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) as ourprimary inspection tool. Using DDRT-PCR, we isolated cDNAs differentially expressed throughout fetal liver development and in adult liver. We displayed approximately 25 000 cDNAs from 10 and 24 week fetal liver and adult liver. From this initial screen, we determined that approximately 0.1-1% of the mRNA population undergoes expression changes. We extracted, purified and sequenced 25 differentially displayed cDNA bands. Fourteen cDNAs had similarities to known genes, while 11 cDNAs were not similar to any characterized gene. The differentially expressed cDNAs from known genes present in fetal liver include alpha-fetoprotein, stem cell factor, erythroid alpha-spectrin, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, insulin-like growth factor-2, porphobilinogen deaminase and Mac30. The differentially expressed cDNAs present in adult liver but not in 10 week fetal liver were nicotinamide deaminase, human fibrinogen-related protein and alpha-acid glycoprotein. The majority of differentially expressed genes found during this effort appear to be turned on during organogenesis, however, some genes were found that are apparently turned off completely.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007335	Insulin-Like Growth Factor II	A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.	IGF-II,Multiplication-Stimulating Activity,Somatomedin MSA,IGF-2,Insulin Like Growth Factor II,Insulin-Like Somatomedin Peptide II,Multiplication-Stimulating Factor,Somatomedin A,Factor, Multiplication-Stimulating,Insulin Like Somatomedin Peptide II,Multiplication Stimulating Activity,Multiplication Stimulating Factor
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D009363	Neoplasm Proteins	Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.	Proteins, Neoplasm
D009535	Nicotinamidase	An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nicotinamide to nicotinate and ammonia. EC 3.5.1.19.	Nicotinamide Amidohydrolase,Nicotinamide Deamidase,Amidohydrolase, Nicotinamide,Deamidase, Nicotinamide
D010736	Phosphoglycerate Mutase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to 3-phospho-D-glycerate.	Glycerate (3-2)-Phosphomutase,Phosphoglyceromutase,Phosphoglycerate Phosphomutase,Mutase, Phosphoglycerate,Phosphomutase, Phosphoglycerate
D011163	Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase	An enzyme that catalyzes the tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PORPHOBILINOGEN into the hydroxymethylbilane preuroporphyrinogen (UROPORPHYRINOGENS) in several discrete steps. It is the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. In humans, deficiency in this enzyme encoded by HMBS (or PBGD) gene results in a form of neurological porphyria (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.3.1.8	Porphobilinogen Ammonia-Lyase,Porphobilinogen Deaminase,Uroporphyrinogen I Synthase,Hydroxymethylbilane Synthetase,Pre-uroporphyrinogen Synthetase,Preuroporphyrinogen Synthetase,Ammonia-Lyase, Porphobilinogen,Deaminase, Porphobilinogen,Porphobilinogen Ammonia Lyase,Pre uroporphyrinogen Synthetase,Synthase, Hydroxymethylbilane,Synthase, Uroporphyrinogen I,Synthetase, Hydroxymethylbilane,Synthetase, Pre-uroporphyrinogen,Synthetase, Preuroporphyrinogen
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D004921	Erythropoietin	Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
D005260	Female		Females