Biomaterial Database

Alterations of liver and spleen following intravenous infusion of fluorocarbon emulsions. 1976

W I Rosenblum, and M G Hadfield, and A J Martinez, and P Schatzki

Mice were injected via tail vein with emulsions of fluorocarbon (FC), an oxygen-carrying compound that has great potential as a blood substitute. Different types of FCs were used. All produced vacuolar changes in hepatocytes, and in reticuloendothelial cells throughout the body. In the liver, occasional inflammatory foci were also observed, but fibrosis was never seen. The vacuolated cells, presumably containing FC, were found as late as one year following a single infusion. However, such cells might also disappear from the liver and spleen. The numbers of affected cells and their rate of disappearance depended on the type of FC, the amount of FC infused, the length of time between infusion and killing. Fluorodecalins, especially PP-5, produced the least amount of change and the most readily reversible change of all FCs tested. The morphologic observations suggest that PP-5 would be more suitable as a blood substitute than the other FCs tested. However, other studies have shown that apparently healthy long-term survival is obtainable even when the infused FC is one that produces extreme vacuolar change in the liver and spleen.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007275	Injections, Intravenous	Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.	Intravenous Injections,Injection, Intravenous,Intravenous Injection
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D010952	Plasma Substitutes	Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.	Blood Expanders,Plasma Volume Expanders,Expanders, Blood,Expanders, Plasma Volume,Substitutes, Plasma,Volume Expanders, Plasma
D004655	Emulsions	Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.	Emulsion
D005465	Fluorocarbon Polymers		Fluorinated Polymer,Fluorinated Polymers,Fluorocarbon Polymer,Fluorocarbon Resin,Fluorocarbon Resins,Fluoropolymers,Fluoropolymer,Polymer, Fluorinated,Polymer, Fluorocarbon,Polymers, Fluorinated,Polymers, Fluorocarbon,Resin, Fluorocarbon,Resins, Fluorocarbon
D005466	Fluorocarbons	Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions, and fluorocarbon blood substitutes. Perfluorinated and related polyfluorinated chemicals are referred to as PFAS and are defined as chemicals with at least two adjacent carbon atoms, where one carbon is fully fluorinated and the other is at least partially fluorinated.	Fluorocarbon,Fluorocarbon Emulsion,Fluorocarbon Emulsions,Fluorotelomer Phosphate Esters,N-Alkyl Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamido Carboxylates,PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,PFC Perfluorinated Chemicals,PFECAs Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic Acids,Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,Perfluoroalkane Sulfonamides,Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates,Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylates,Perfluoroalkyl Polyether Carboxylates,Perfluorocarbon,Perfluorocarbons,Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic Acids,Polyfluorocarbons,Fluorinated Telomer Alcohols,Fluoro-Telomer Alcohols,Polyfluorinated Telomer Alcohols,Telomer Fluorocarbons,Acids, Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic,Alcohols, Fluorinated Telomer,Alcohols, Fluoro-Telomer,Alcohols, Polyfluorinated Telomer,Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl,Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl Ether,Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl Polyether,Carboxylic Acids, Perfluoropolyether,Chemicals, PFC Perfluorinated,Emulsion, Fluorocarbon,Emulsions, Fluorocarbon,Esters, Fluorotelomer Phosphate,Ether Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl,Fluoro Telomer Alcohols,Fluorocarbons, Telomer,N Alkyl Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamido Carboxylates,PFAS Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,Perfluorinated Chemicals, PFC,Phosphate Esters, Fluorotelomer,Polyether Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl,Sulfonamides, Perfluoroalkane,Telomer Alcohols, Fluorinated,Telomer Alcohols, Polyfluorinated
D006529	Hepatomegaly	Enlargement of the liver.	Enlarged Liver,Liver, Enlarged
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013154	Spleen	An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.
D013163	Splenomegaly	Enlargement of the spleen.	Enlarged Spleen,Spleen, Enlarged