OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the impact of PTA on the quality of life (QoL) of claudicants and to analyse which patients and which arterial lesions derive the most benefit. METHODS A prospective observational study. METHODS One hundred and seventeen claudicants undergoing PTA were studied; 35 patients had bilateral disease, whilst 82 had unilateral disease and underwent PTA to a solitary iliac lesion, solitary superficial femoral or a iliac lesion above a diseased superficial femoral artery in 24, 39 and 19 cases, respectively. METHODS Patients completed the Short Form 36 (SF36) and EuroQol (EQ) QoL assessment instruments prior to and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following intervention. The SF36 produces a QoL profile, whilst the EQ produces two QoL indices. RESULTS Claudication has a deleterious effect on QoL, especially in patients with multi-segment disease. PTA results in an immediate and lasting improvement in the QoL of claudicants. Unilateral claudicants undergoing PTA to a solitary iliac lesion demonstrate the most marked QoL benefits and 12 months post PTA report a QoL approaching that of an age-matched population. Patients with bilateral claudication undergoing unilateral PTA and unilateral claudicants undergoing PTA to a solitary SFA lesion demonstrate some QoL benefits, but at 12 months post PTA do not approach the QoL scores of an age-matched population. Unilateral claudicants undergoing iliac PTA above a diseased SFA demonstrate minimal QoL changes. CONCLUSIONS These results should influence decision making in the management of claudication and it may be possible to prioritise PTA waiting lists to ensure patients with greatest potential benefit are treated with most urgency.