During childhood, pathologic fractures are found in systemic diseases of the skeleton (e.g. osteogenesis imperfecta or rachitis), but especially when bone tumors or tumorlike changes are present. Conservative measures such as continuous traction and application of a plaster cast lead to healing of the fracture only in a limited number of cases. Treatment of benign and potentially malignant and tumors and of tumorlike growths by excochleation and by resection and subsequent filling of the defect with autologous spongiosa and in some cases metallic fixation respectively has proved useful. The surgical treatment of malignant tumors depends on the king of tumor and its localization.