Biomaterial Database

Suppression of amphetamine-induced hypothermia by the neutral amino acid valine. 1976

H J Chiel, and R J Wurtman

Pretreatment with valine (0.5-2.0 mmoles/kg) can suppress the hypothermic response of rats placed in a 4degreesC environment and given d-amphetamine sulfate (5 or 10 mg/kg). The amino acid was most effective when given 30 minutes before amphetamine administration, at which time it also significantly lowered brain tyrosine concentration (and, presumably, suppressed catecholamine synthesis). Because dopaminergic neurons mediate the hypothermic response to amphetamine and because amphetamine's ability to produce hypothermia requires, in part, the release of newly synthesized dopamine, these observed effects of valine pretreatment support the hypothesis that treatments which alter precursor (tyrosine) availability also affect brain catecholamine synthesis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D001831	Body Temperature	The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.	Organ Temperature,Body Temperatures,Organ Temperatures,Temperature, Body,Temperature, Organ,Temperatures, Body,Temperatures, Organ
D001923	Brain Chemistry	Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.	Chemistry, Brain,Brain Chemistries,Chemistries, Brain
D002396	Catechols	A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.	Pyrocatechols,o-Dihydroxybenzenes,ortho-Dihydroxybenzenes,o Dihydroxybenzenes,ortho Dihydroxybenzenes
D003080	Cold Temperature	An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.	Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D003913	Dextroamphetamine	The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.	d-Amphetamine,Curban,Dexamfetamine,Dexamphetamine,Dexedrine,Dextro-Amphetamine Sulfate,DextroStat,Dextroamphetamine Sulfate,Oxydess,d-Amphetamine Sulfate,dextro-Amphetamine,Dextro Amphetamine Sulfate,Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine,d Amphetamine,d Amphetamine Sulfate,dextro Amphetamine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014443	Tyrosine	A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.	L-Tyrosine,Tyrosine, L-isomer,para-Tyrosine,L Tyrosine,Tyrosine, L isomer,para Tyrosine
D014633	Valine	A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.	L-Valine,L Valine