Over a 2-year period uremic pericarditis was observed in 11 of 62 patients treated by chronic dialysis. The uremic state appeared to be the most important contributing factor in these patients. Chest pain, fever and a pericardial friction rub were observed in the majority of patients; the illness may however be silent. Echocardiography proved to be the single most helpful diagnostic procedure. Intensive hemodialysis, indomethacin or steroid therapy given systemically or intrapericardially are generally accepted in the management of pericarditis. Although indomethacin produced regression of the clinical symptoms in these patients, the volume of fluid within the pericardial sac diminished in 3 of 9 patients only. 6 patients were given systemic steroid treatment and this was followed by prompt resolution of the effusion. Surgery was not necessary. All patients had an uneventful recovery.