An uraemic pericarditis can appear as complication of a haemodialysis in different stages. At the beginning an uraemic pericarditis is still to be referred to the uncompensated retention or to adaptation processes in the cellular mineral metabolism. An uraemic pericarditis in the later course of the dialysis nearly regularly is connected with an underdialysis syndrome which can be evoked by fistula or shunt complications or by infections of different genesis (sepsis, hepatitis, virus infections). - It is reported on own experiences in the dialytic treatment of uraemic pericarditis. In the period from 1970 to 1976 among 83 patients who were in chronic dialytic treatment an uraemic pericarditis was observed in 21 cases. In 3 patients developed haemorrhagic effusions with tamponade. The longest survival time of a patient with uraemic pericarditis and acute cardiac arrest in the early stage of the dialytic treatment is up to now 5 1/2 years after transplantation of a kidney of a corpse. - The possibilities of an operative exonneration of the heart from pericarditic changes are discussed.