The accumulating data demonstrating the reproductive toxicity of 1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) are reviewed. The sentinel event was the discovery of infertility in male pesticide manufacturing workers. In spite of early evidence of testicular damage, first in laboratory animals and later in humans, DBCP has been widely used as a nematocide in the United States and is still used in other countries. The spermatogenic effects of DBCP are usually irreversible, and there is also evidence of toxicity to the female reproductive system. DBCP is also a CNS depressant, a liver and kidney toxin, and a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant, and is probably carcinogenic. Environmental contamination of air and water may be an additional source of exposure. Materials often used to protect workers from toxic chemicals are not being deployed for use by exposed workers, and in any case are relatively ineffective.