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An exfoliative toxin A-converting phage isolated from Staphylococcus aureus strain ZM. 2000

Y Yoshizawa, and J Sakurada, and S Sakurai, and K Machida, and I Kondo, and S Masuda
Radioisotope Research Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yukio.yoshizawa@nifty.ne.jp

Exfoliative toxin A (ETA) causes staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in children. The gene for ETA was believed to be coded by the chromosomal DNA. We isolated temperate phages from an ETA-producing strain, ZM, using a restriction minus strain, 1039, as an indicator. One of the prophages, designated phi-ZM-1 mediated lysogenic conversion of ETA. The polymerase chain reaction assay of the eta gene revealed that phage phi-ZM-1 carries the structural gene for ETA.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008242 Lysogeny The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium. Integration, Prophage,Prophage Integration,Integrations, Prophage,Prophage Integrations
D008854 Microscopy, Electron Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen. Electron Microscopy
D005083 Exfoliatins Protein exotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus, phage type II, which cause epidermal necrolysis. They are proteins with a molecular weight of 26,000 to 32,000. They cause a condition variously called scaled skin, Lyell or Ritter syndrome, epidermal exfoliative disease, toxic epidermal necrolysis, etc. Dermolysins,Epidermolysins,Epidermolytic Toxins,Exfoliative Toxins,Exfoliatin Toxin A,Exfoliative Toxin B,Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin,Exfoliative Toxin, Staphylococcal,Toxin A, Exfoliatin,Toxin B, Exfoliative,Toxin, Staphylococcal Exfoliative,Toxins, Epidermolytic,Toxins, Exfoliative
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013204 Staphylococcus Phages Viruses whose host is Staphylococcus. Staphylococcal Phages,Staphylococcal Bacteriophage,Staphylococcal Bacteriophages,Staphylococcus Phage,Bacteriophage, Staphylococcal,Bacteriophages, Staphylococcal,Phage, Staphylococcal,Phage, Staphylococcus,Phages, Staphylococcal,Phages, Staphylococcus,Staphylococcal Phage
D013206 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome A disease of infants due to group 2 phage type 17 staphylococci that produce an epidermolytic exotoxin. Superficial fine vesicles and bullae form and rupture easily, resulting in loss of large sheets of epidermis. Ritter Disease,Scalded Skin Syndrome, Staphylococcal,Ritter's Disease,Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin Syndrome,Disease, Ritter,Disease, Ritter's,Ritters Disease,Scalded-Skin Syndrome, Staphylococcal,Scalded-Skin Syndromes, Staphylococcal,Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin Syndromes,Syndrome, Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin,Syndromes, Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin
D013211 Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
D016133 Polymerase Chain Reaction In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. Anchored PCR,Inverse PCR,Nested PCR,PCR,Anchored Polymerase Chain Reaction,Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction,Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR, Anchored,PCR, Inverse,PCR, Nested,Polymerase Chain Reactions,Reaction, Polymerase Chain,Reactions, Polymerase Chain

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