Effect of endothelial injury and increased blood pressure on albumin accumulation in the arterial wall: a numerical study. 2000

G Karner, and K Perktold
Institute of Mathematics, Technical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

The present study investigates the influence of endothelial damage and of blood pressure on albumin accumulation in the arterial wall. For this purpose a numerical model for the coupled mass transport processes in the arterial lumen and in the various layers of the arterial wall is developed. The model considers the transport in the endothelium, intima, internal elastic lamina (IEL) and media of a straight axisymmetric arterial segment. In the arterial lumen fully developed stationary blood flow is assumed, the filtration velocity in the wall layers is calculated applying Darcy's law. The description of the luminal mass transport uses the stationary convection-diffusion equation, the transport in the porous intima and media is modelled applying the volume-averaged stationary convection-diffusion-reaction equation. The transport processes in the lumen, intima and media are coupled by the flux across the endothelium and IEL, which is mathematically described using the Kedem-Katchalsky equations. The numerical solution of the transport equations applies the finite element method. The results demonstrate a high resistance of the healthy endothelium to macromolecule exchange between blood and the artery wall. The reduced resistance of an injured endothelium causes an increased mass flux into the wall which results in higher concentration levels within the wall. The effect of the blood pressure on the wall concentration level is different for a helathy and an injured endothelium. In the case of a healthy endothelium a blood pressure increase causes a decrease of the intimal concentration and an increase of the medial concentration, whereas in the case of an injured endothelium an increased blood pressure results in higher concentration levels within the intima and media.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008955 Models, Cardiovascular Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment. Cardiovascular Model,Cardiovascular Models,Model, Cardiovascular
D012039 Regional Blood Flow The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body. Blood Flow, Regional,Blood Flows, Regional,Flow, Regional Blood,Flows, Regional Blood,Regional Blood Flows
D001783 Blood Flow Velocity A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed. Blood Flow Velocities,Flow Velocities, Blood,Flow Velocity, Blood,Velocities, Blood Flow,Velocity, Blood Flow
D001794 Blood Pressure PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D004058 Diffusion The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT. Diffusions
D004547 Elastic Tissue Connective tissue comprised chiefly of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers have two components: ELASTIN and MICROFIBRILS. Elastic Fibers,Elastic Fiber,Elastic Tissues,Fiber, Elastic,Fibers, Elastic,Tissue, Elastic,Tissues, Elastic
D004730 Endothelium, Vascular Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components. Capillary Endothelium,Vascular Endothelium,Capillary Endotheliums,Endothelium, Capillary,Endotheliums, Capillary,Endotheliums, Vascular,Vascular Endotheliums
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000465 Algorithms A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. Algorithm
D001158 Arteries The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. Artery

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