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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was transmitted by a locum cardiothoracic surgeon to two patients during coronary artery bypass surgery. Both patients presented 12 weeks after surgery and developed serious clinical illness. The surgeon was known to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative, and to have antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe). Sequences of regions of the HBV surface and core genes from the patients and surgeon were indistinguishable. An exercise was undertaken to notify all patients on whom the surgeon had operated while employed at the hospital where the transmissions occurred. One hundred and twenty-three out of 126 patients were tested. No evidence of transmission to any other patient was found. Revised recommendations by the UK Health Departments as to which health care workers should be permitted to perform exposure prone procedures have recently been published.
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