Biomaterial Database

Comparative analysis of RNA editing sites in higher plant chloroplasts. 2001

T Tsudzuki, and T Wakasugi, and M Sugiura

Computer Center, Aichi-Gakuin University, Araike 12, Iwasaki, Nisshin 470-0795, Japan.

Transcripts of land plant chloroplast genomes undergo C-to-U RNA editing. Systematic search disclosed 31 editing sites in tobacco, 27 in maize, and 21 in rice. Based on these identified sites, potential editing sites have been predicted in the transcripts from four angiosperm chloroplast genomes which have been completely sequenced. Most RNA editing events occur in internal codons, which result in amino-acid substitutions. The initiation codon AUG was found to be created from ACG by RNA editing in the transcripts from rpl2, psbL, and ndhD genes. Comparison of editing patterns raises a possibility that many editing sites were acquired in the evolution of angiosperms.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010944	Plants	Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae. Plants acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. It is a non-taxonomical term most often referring to LAND PLANTS. In broad sense it includes RHODOPHYTA and GLAUCOPHYTA along with VIRIDIPLANTAE.	Plant
D002736	Chloroplasts	Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.	Chloroplast,Etioplasts,Etioplast
D002874	Chromosome Mapping	Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.	Gene Mapping,Linkage Mapping,Genome Mapping,Chromosome Mappings,Gene Mappings,Genome Mappings,Linkage Mappings,Mapping, Chromosome,Mapping, Gene,Mapping, Genome,Mapping, Linkage,Mappings, Chromosome,Mappings, Gene,Mappings, Genome,Mappings, Linkage
D001665	Binding Sites	The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.	Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining
D012343	RNA, Transfer	The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.	Suppressor Transfer RNA,Transfer RNA,tRNA,RNA, Transfer, Suppressor,Transfer RNA, Suppressor,RNA, Suppressor Transfer
D014158	Transcription, Genetic	The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.	Genetic Transcription
D017393	RNA Editing	A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE, KINETOPLASTIDA).	RNA, Messenger, Editing,Editing, RNA,Editings, RNA,RNA Editings
D018387	Codon, Initiator	A codon that directs initiation of protein translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) by stimulating the binding of initiator tRNA (RNA, TRANSFER, MET). In prokaryotes, the codons AUG or GUG can act as initiators while in eukaryotes, AUG is the only initiator codon.	Codon, Start,Initiator Codon,Codon, Initiation,Start Codon,Codons, Initiation,Codons, Initiator,Codons, Start,Initiation Codon,Initiation Codons,Initiator Codons,Start Codons
D018749	RNA, Plant	Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.	Plant RNA
D019143	Evolution, Molecular	The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.	Molecular Evolution,Genetic Evolution,Evolution, Genetic