Biomaterial Database

Rapid structural remodeling of shaft synapses associated with long-term potentiation in the cat superior cervical ganglion in situ. 2002

Tomoko Kadota, and Ken Kadota

Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine and Anatomy, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. kadota@med.m.chiba-u.ac.jp

Synaptic plasticity associated with long-term potentiation was studied electrophysiologically and ultrastructurally in the cat superior cervical ganglion in situ. The preganglionic nerve fiber was stimulated at 10 Hz for 50 s for conditioning and then at 1 Hz for 1-3 h to monitor changes in the postganglionic compound action potential (PGP). The present material has shown the long-term potentiation (LTP), around 120% of the control, which lasted for up to 3 h. Fifteen of 18 ganglia (83%) have shown LTP. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated the synaptic structural remodeling: (1) The preganglionic nerve terminals ordinarily made mainly asymmetrical type of shaft synapses directly with dendrites of the ganglion cells that lacked dendritic spines; (2) conditioning tetanus rapidly remodeled simple shaft synapses into perforated ones characterized by perforations in the postsynaptic density (PSD), some of which had synaptic spinules associated with the perforated PSDs, i.e. spinule-synapses; (3) a rapid increase in the number of both structures was detected immediately after the tetanus. Perforated synapses and the spinule-synapses increased from 5% and 0% in the control to 27 and 9% at 0 min, respectively. Spinule-synapses occurred about one-third of the perforated shaft synapses; (4) Increased numbers of restructured shaft synapses was maintained for 15 min in ganglia expressing LTP; (5) Remodeled synapses did not increase in ganglia that did not express LTP or ganglia that were activated at 0.5 or 1 Hz. It was suggested a rapid increase in the number of remodeled synapses associated with the onset of LTP and its durability at its earlier phases in the cat SCG.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009473	Neuronal Plasticity	The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.	Brain Plasticity,Plasticity, Neuronal,Axon Pruning,Axonal Pruning,Dendrite Arborization,Dendrite Pruning,Dendritic Arborization,Dendritic Pruning,Dendritic Remodeling,Neural Plasticity,Neurite Pruning,Neuronal Arborization,Neuronal Network Remodeling,Neuronal Pruning,Neuronal Remodeling,Neuroplasticity,Synaptic Plasticity,Synaptic Pruning,Arborization, Dendrite,Arborization, Dendritic,Arborization, Neuronal,Arborizations, Dendrite,Arborizations, Dendritic,Arborizations, Neuronal,Axon Prunings,Axonal Prunings,Brain Plasticities,Dendrite Arborizations,Dendrite Prunings,Dendritic Arborizations,Dendritic Prunings,Dendritic Remodelings,Network Remodeling, Neuronal,Network Remodelings, Neuronal,Neural Plasticities,Neurite Prunings,Neuronal Arborizations,Neuronal Network Remodelings,Neuronal Plasticities,Neuronal Prunings,Neuronal Remodelings,Neuroplasticities,Plasticities, Brain,Plasticities, Neural,Plasticities, Neuronal,Plasticities, Synaptic,Plasticity, Brain,Plasticity, Neural,Plasticity, Synaptic,Pruning, Axon,Pruning, Axonal,Pruning, Dendrite,Pruning, Dendritic,Pruning, Neurite,Pruning, Neuronal,Pruning, Synaptic,Prunings, Axon,Prunings, Axonal,Prunings, Dendrite,Prunings, Dendritic,Prunings, Neurite,Prunings, Neuronal,Prunings, Synaptic,Remodeling, Dendritic,Remodeling, Neuronal,Remodeling, Neuronal Network,Remodelings, Dendritic,Remodelings, Neuronal,Remodelings, Neuronal Network,Synaptic Plasticities,Synaptic Prunings
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013569	Synapses	Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.	Synapse
D017774	Long-Term Potentiation	A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.	Long Term Potentiation,Long-Term Potentiations,Potentiation, Long-Term,Potentiations, Long-Term
D017783	Superior Cervical Ganglion	The largest and uppermost of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia.	Superior Cervical Ganglia,Cervical Ganglia, Superior,Cervical Ganglion, Superior,Ganglia, Superior Cervical,Ganglion, Superior Cervical