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Anthrax toxin: a tripartite lethal combination. 2002

Paolo Ascenzi, and Paolo Visca, and Giuseppe Ippolito, and Andrea Spallarossa, and Martino Bolognesi, and Cesare Montecucco
Department of Biology and Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy. ascenzi@bio.uniroma3.it

Anthrax is a severe bacterial infection that occurs when Bacillus anthracis spores gain access into the body and germinate in macrophages, causing septicemia and toxemia. Anthrax toxin is a binary A-B toxin composed of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). PA mediates the entry of either LF or EF into the cytosol of host cells. LF is a zinc metalloprotease that inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inducing cell death, and EF is an adenylyl cyclase impairing host defences. Inhibitors targeting different steps of toxin activity have recently been developed. Anthrax toxin has also been exploited as a therapeutic agent against cancer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000942 Antigens, Bacterial Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity. Bacterial Antigen,Bacterial Antigens,Antigen, Bacterial
D001408 Bacillus anthracis A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals.
D001427 Bacterial Toxins Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases. Bacterial Toxin,Toxins, Bacterial,Toxin, Bacterial
D022122 Anthrax Vaccines Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX. Anthrax Vaccine,Vaccines, Anthrax,Vaccine, Anthrax

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