Biomaterial Database

Refeeding and insulin regulate S6K1 activity in chicken skeletal muscles. 2003

Karine Bigot, and Mohammed Taouis, and Sophie Tesseraud

Régulation du métabolisme des oiseaux, Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Tours-Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France.

Broiler chickens are characterized by fast muscle growth and high protein deposition, most likely subsequent to a high protein synthesis. However, the regulation of protein synthesis in chicken muscle is still unknown. In contrast, it has been clearly demonstrated in mammals that S6K1 is a key regulator of protein synthesis. In the present study, S6K1 was characterized in both pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles in chickens. A 133-bp fragment of chicken S6K1 cDNA had 84% identity to mammalian S6K1. We investigated in vivo the effects of refeeding and insulin treatment after 16 h starvation. S6K1 enzyme activity was significantly increased in both pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles by refeeding (two- to threefold greater than in food-deprived chickens, P < 0.05). Optimal activation occurred 30 min after refeeding following 16 h starvation. S6K1 activation was associated with its phosphorylation on serine and Thr 389 residues, which occurred within the first 5 min of refeeding. S6K1 was also significantly stimulated in both pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles after a single insulin injection (nine- to 12-fold greater than in control chickens, P < 0.001). Our results indicate that S6K1 is expressed in chickens muscles and activated by refeeding and insulin treatment.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D008297	Male		Males
D009124	Muscle Proteins	The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.	Muscle Protein,Protein, Muscle,Proteins, Muscle
D010766	Phosphorylation	The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.	Phosphorylations
D001786	Blood Glucose	Glucose in blood.	Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D004435	Eating	The consumption of edible substances.	Dietary Intake,Feed Intake,Food Intake,Macronutrient Intake,Micronutrient Intake,Nutrient Intake,Nutritional Intake,Ingestion,Dietary Intakes,Feed Intakes,Intake, Dietary,Intake, Feed,Intake, Food,Intake, Macronutrient,Intake, Micronutrient,Intake, Nutrient,Intake, Nutritional,Macronutrient Intakes,Micronutrient Intakes,Nutrient Intakes,Nutritional Intakes
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D018482	Muscle, Skeletal	A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.	Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles
D038762	Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa	A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are considered the major physiological kinases for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6. Unlike RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, 90KDa the proteins in this family are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of RAPAMYCIN and contain a single kinase domain. They are referred to as 70kDa proteins, however ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of mRNAs for proteins in this class also results in 85kDa variants being formed.	p70 S6 Kinase,p70s6k,Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70 kDa,S6 Kinase, p70