Biomaterial Database

Genotypic analysis methods for detection of drug resistance mutations in the HIV-1 proteinase and reverse transcriptase genes. 1999

J G Sheldon, and J H Condra

Department of Virology, Roche Discovery Welwyn, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK. JONATHAN.SHELDON@roche.com

Understanding the basis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance represents a key requirement for individualized HIV patient care. The genotypic data generated to date have already provided significant insight. However, it is clear that the relationship between genotype, phenotype and clinical outcome is complex and still poorly defined. In this review, we describe methods currently available to obtain genotypic data for the HIV-1 proteinase and reverse transcriptase genes. Different sample preparation strategies and DNA sequencing methods are discussed dividing the latter into two categories, those that give sequence information at specific positions and those that provide continuous sequence data for a particular region. In addition, we also address some of the broad biological and technical issues, which must be considered when interpreting the results of these tests and describe the advantages and disadvantages of individual methods.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009154	Mutation	Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.	Mutations
D005838	Genotype	The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.	Genogroup,Genogroups,Genotypes
D015497	HIV-1	The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.	Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-I,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human
D016333	HIV Protease	Enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required for post-translational cleavage of gag and gag-pol precursor polyproteins into functional products needed for viral assembly. HIV protease is an aspartic protease encoded by the amino terminus of the pol gene.	HIV Proteinase,HTLV-III Protease,p16 pol gene product, HIV,p16 protease, HIV,HIV p16 protease,HTLV III Protease,Protease, HIV,Protease, HTLV-III
D017422	Sequence Analysis, DNA	A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.	DNA Sequence Analysis,Sequence Determination, DNA,Analysis, DNA Sequence,DNA Sequence Determination,DNA Sequence Determinations,DNA Sequencing,Determination, DNA Sequence,Determinations, DNA Sequence,Sequence Determinations, DNA,Analyses, DNA Sequence,DNA Sequence Analyses,Sequence Analyses, DNA,Sequencing, DNA
D054303	HIV Reverse Transcriptase	A reverse transcriptase encoded by the POL GENE of HIV. It is a heterodimer of 66 kDa and 51 kDa subunits that are derived from a common precursor protein. The heterodimer also includes an RNAse H activity (RIBONUCLEASE H, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) that plays an essential role the viral replication process.	Reverse Transcriptase, HIV,Reverse Transcriptase, Human Immunodeficiency Virus,Transcriptase, HIV Reverse
D024882	Drug Resistance, Viral	The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.	Antiviral Drug Resistance,Antiviral Drug Resistances,Drug Resistances, Viral