Biomaterial Database

The intrathecal administration of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists selectively attenuated carrageenan-induced behavioral hyperalgesia in rats. 1992

K Ren, and G M Williams, and J L Hylden, and M A Ruda, and R Dubner

Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

A single unilateral injection of carrageenan (4.5-6.0 mg in 0.15-0.20 ml saline) into the rat hindpaw induced behavioral hyperalgesia as evidenced by a significant reduction in hindpaw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus. The involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in this model of hyperalgesia was examined by intrathecal administration of the selective excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonists: (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5), (+/-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), ketamine hydrochloride (ketamine), 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl kynurenic acid), and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). The effects of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) were studied under the same conditions and published previously (Ren et al., 1992) and the data are presented for comparison. While the withdrawal latencies of the non-injected paws and of the paws of naive rats were not significantly affected by application of the EAA receptor antagonists at doses tested, the paw withdrawal latencies of the carrageenan-injected paws were elevated dose dependently. The rank order of potency of these agents to reduce hyperalgesia was: MK-801 greater than or equal to AP-5 greater than or equal to CPP = 7-Cl kynurenic acid = ketamine much greater than CNQX greater than 0. In contrast, intrathecal injection of the opioid receptor agonists, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO, mu-selective) and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE, delta-selective), produced antinociception in both injected and non-injected paws. DAMGO was much more potent, while DPDPE was less potent, than MK-801.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007249	Inflammation	A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D007278	Injections, Spinal	Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.	Injections, Intraspinal,Injections, Intrathecal,Intraspinal Injections,Intrathecal Injections,Spinal Injections,Injection, Intraspinal,Injection, Intrathecal,Injection, Spinal,Intraspinal Injection,Intrathecal Injection,Spinal Injection
D007649	Ketamine	A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.	2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone,CI-581,Calipsol,Calypsol,Kalipsol,Ketalar,Ketamine Hydrochloride,Ketanest,Ketaset,CI 581,CI581
D007736	Kynurenic Acid	A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.	Kynurenate,Acid, Kynurenic
D008297	Male		Males
D010879	Piperazines	Compounds that are derived from PIPERAZINE.
D011810	Quinoxalines		Quinoxaline
D002351	Carrageenan	A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.	Carrageenin,iota-Carrageenan,kappa-Carrageenan,lambda-Carrageenan,iota Carrageenan,kappa Carrageenan,lambda Carrageenan
D004745	Enkephalins	One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides that are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the adrenal medulla.	Enkephalin
D006930	Hyperalgesia	An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by minimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.	Hyperalgesia, Tactile,Hyperalgesia, Thermal,Hyperalgia,Hyperalgia, Mechanical,Hyperalgia, Primary,Hyperalgia, Secondary,Allodynia,Allodynia, Mechanical,Allodynia, Tactile,Allodynia, Thermal,Hyperalgesia, Mechanical,Hyperalgesia, Primary,Hyperalgesia, Secondary,Hyperalgesic Sensations,Mechanical Allodynia,Mechanical Hyperalgesia,Tactile Allodynia,Thermal Allodynia,Allodynias,Hyperalgesias,Hyperalgesias, Thermal,Hyperalgesic Sensation,Mechanical Hyperalgia,Mechanical Hyperalgias,Primary Hyperalgia,Primary Hyperalgias,Secondary Hyperalgia,Secondary Hyperalgias,Sensation, Hyperalgesic,Sensations, Hyperalgesic,Thermal Hyperalgesia