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A suitable procedure for the production of human monokines was defined as 'differentiation-induction' culture. Human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells were well-differentiated from nonfunctional promonocytes into macrophage-like cells by the induction with a combination of mezerein, retinoic acid, and a Mycoplasma fermentans extract. The differentiated THP-1 cells secreted a high amount of macrophage differentiation-inducing factor (DIF) activity and concomitantly produced other known monokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), into the medium. These results suggest that other novel human monokines may also be found in the conditioned medium of THP-1 cells induced by the 'differentiation-induction' culture conditions defined in this study. Macrophage DIF was purified to homogeneity and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed that macrophage DIF is very similar or identical to human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The cDNA encoding human LIF was isolated using the polymerase chain reaction, and a clone producing 3.7 micrograms/10(6) cells day recombinant LIF was selected from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which were transfected with the LIF cDNA. The recombinant LIF production in CHO cells was quantified using MTT reduction assay with M1 cells.
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Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme,
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T Sato, and
M Murakami, and
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R Kodaira
April 1986,
Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme,
T Abe, and
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M Murakami, and
M Kajiki, and
R Kodaira
February 1989,
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August 1982,
Gan,
T Abe, and
M Ohno, and
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M Murakami, and
M Kajiki, and
R Kodaira
January 1987,
International journal of cell cloning,
T Abe, and
M Ohno, and
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M Murakami, and
M Kajiki, and
R Kodaira
May 1986,
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T Abe, and
M Ohno, and
T Sato, and
M Murakami, and
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R Kodaira
May 1985,
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T Abe, and
M Ohno, and
T Sato, and
M Murakami, and
M Kajiki, and
R Kodaira
February 1987,
Molecular and cellular biology,
T Abe, and
M Ohno, and
T Sato, and
M Murakami, and
M Kajiki, and
R Kodaira
October 1986,
FEBS letters,
