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The effects of carbenoxolone on spatial learning in the Morris water maze task in rats. 2005

Hossein Hosseinzadeh, and Marjan Nassiri Asl, and Siavash Parvardeh, and Seyed Mohammad Tagi Mansouri
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I R Iran. hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir

BACKGROUND High-frequency oscillations (ripples) are proposed to be involved in memory consolidation. Ripple oscillations persist in the absence of chemical synaptic transmission and inhibitors of gapjunctions were shown to block high-frequency oscillations in hippocampal slices. In this study we investigated the effects of carbenoxolone, as a gap-junction blocker, on spatial learning in the rat. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). METHODS Adult male rats were bilaterally cannulated into the CA1 region of their hippocampus. Carbenoxolone (1.23, 2.46, 4.92 microg/side), scopolamine (3 microg/side), and saline were injected through the cannulas before 4 consecutive training trials and one test trial that conducted 24 h after the training trials with the platform removed. RESULTS The results showed that carbenoxolone could significantly reduce the percentages of time spent, distance traveled, and entry into Q2 (the target quadrant) compared with the control group. The carbenoxolone group failed to use a selective search strategy during the final test trial, in which the platform was removed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that carbenoxolone as a gap-junction channel blocker can decelerate the learning performances of rats in a spatial memory task, such as the MWM, that requires the integrity of the hippocampus.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007276 Injections, Intraventricular Injections into the cerebral ventricles. Intraventricular Injections,Injection, Intraventricular,Intraventricular Injection
D007858 Learning Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge. Phenomenography
D008297 Male Males
D002229 Carbenoxolone An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity. Carbenoxalone,18alpha-Carbenoxolone,18alpha-Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3beta-O-Hemisuccinate,Biogastrone,Bioral,Carbeneoxolone,Carbenoxolone Disodium Salt,Carbenoxolone Sodium,Carbosan,Duogastrone,Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3-O-hemisuccinate,Pharmaxolon,Sanodin,18alpha Carbenoxolone,18alpha Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3beta O Hemisuccinate,3-O-hemisuccinate, Glycyrrhetinic Acid,3beta-O-Hemisuccinate, 18alpha-Glycyrrhetinic Acid,Acid 3-O-hemisuccinate, Glycyrrhetinic,Acid 3beta-O-Hemisuccinate, 18alpha-Glycyrrhetinic,Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3 O hemisuccinate
D006624 Hippocampus A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation. Ammon Horn,Cornu Ammonis,Hippocampal Formation,Subiculum,Ammon's Horn,Hippocampus Proper,Ammons Horn,Formation, Hippocampal,Formations, Hippocampal,Hippocampal Formations,Hippocampus Propers,Horn, Ammon,Horn, Ammon's,Proper, Hippocampus,Propers, Hippocampus,Subiculums
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013028 Space Perception The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space. Perception, Space,Perceptions, Space,Space Perceptions
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats
D017629 Gap Junctions Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of CONNEXINS, the family of proteins which form the junctions. Gap Junction,Junction, Gap,Junctions, Gap
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus

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