Biomaterial Database

Ubc9 expression is essential for myotube formation in C2C12. 2006

Cecilia Riquelme, and Kristen K B Barthel, and Xiao-Feng Qin, and Xuedong Liu

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Myogenic differentiation is a fundamental biological process that involves a hierarchical series of events that ultimately leads to muscle-specific gene expression and myofiber formation. Posttranslational modifications of the myogenic regulatory factors have been implicated as important regulatory mechanisms in this process. Here we investigate whether covalent protein modification by a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) that is known to affect transcription factor activity can impact muscle differentiation. We show that the overall load of sumoylated proteins present in myoblasts diminishes progressively throughout myogenesis. Interestingly, knockdown of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, severely compromises C2C12 muscle cell terminal differentiation. However, it does not affect the expression, the localization and the activation of MyoD and myogenin. These novel results suggest that protein sumoylation plays a pivotal role in myoblast differentiation and is required to regulate the activity of key targets downstream of MyoD and myogenin.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008561	Membrane Fusion	The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.	Fusion, Membrane,Fusions, Membrane,Membrane Fusions
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015536	Down-Regulation	A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.	Receptor Down-Regulation,Down-Regulation (Physiology),Downregulation,Down Regulation,Down-Regulation, Receptor
D017570	MyoD Protein	A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.	MyoD Factor,Factor, MyoD,Protein, MyoD
D044763	Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes	A class of enzymes that form a thioester bond to UBIQUITIN with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES. They transfer ubiquitin to the LYSINE of a substrate protein with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES.	Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme,HHR6 Protein,Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2,E2, Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme,Enzyme E2, Ubiquitin-Conjugating,Enzyme, Ubiquitin-Conjugating,Enzymes, Ubiquitin-Conjugating,Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme,Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2,Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D018006	Myogenic Regulatory Factors	A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).	Myogenic Regulatory Factor,Factor, Myogenic Regulatory,Factors, Myogenic Regulatory,Regulatory Factor, Myogenic,Regulatory Factors, Myogenic
D018008	Myogenin	A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.