Guidelines for Australian laboratories performing tuberculosis (TB) microscopy and culture have been developed through extensive consultation with expert groups. The aims of these guidelines are: 1. To provide consensus recommendations on the infrastructure, equipment and work practices required by mycobacteriology laboratories; 2. To inform laboratory administrations and governments of the necessary level of investment required to maintain modern mycobacteriology facilities; and 3. To provide informal measures for reviewers inspecting mycobacteriology facilities. These guidelines include safety recommendations based largely on the Australian/New Zealand Standard 2243.3 Safety in laboratories--Microbiological aspects and containment facilities. However, these standards have been rationalised and PC2 facilities with additional processes and precautions in place are recommended for the majority of TB investigations. Guidelines are also provided on staff training, education, health screening and vaccination. Certain procedures and work practices are recommended for mycobacteriology laboratories to guarantee safety, high-quality results, and prompt turnaround times. These guidelines will be reviewed each 1-2 years and feedback from expert groups and individuals is welcomed.