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Increased occupancy of dopamine receptors in human striatum during cue-elicited cocaine craving. 2006
Dean F Wong, and
Hiroto Kuwabara, and
David J Schretlen, and
Katherine R Bonson, and
Yun Zhou, and
Ayon Nandi, and
James R Brasić, and
Alane S Kimes, and
Marika A Maris, and
Anil Kumar, and
Carlo Contoreggi, and
Jonathan Links, and
Monique Ernst, and
Olivier Rousset, and
Stephen Zukin, and
Anthony A Grace, and
Jae Sung Lee, and
Charles Rohde, and
Donald R Jasinski, and
Albert Gjedde, and
Edythe D London
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA. dfwong@jhmi.edu
In all, 19 research subjects, with current histories of frequent cocaine use, were exposed to cocaine-related cues to elicit drug craving. We measured the change of occupancy of dopamine at D2-like receptors with positron emission tomography (PET) and inferred a change of intrasynaptic dopamine (endogenous dopamine release), based on the displacement of radiotracer [(11)C]raclopride. Receptor occupancy by dopamine increased significantly in putamen of participants who reported cue-elicited craving compared to those who did not. Further, the intensity of craving was positively correlated with the increase in dopamine receptor occupancy in the putamen. These results provide direct evidence that occupancy of dopamine receptors in human dorsal striatum increased in proportion to subjective craving, presumably because of increased release of intrasynaptic dopamine.
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