Modified Japanese medaka embryo-larval bioassay for rapid determination of developmental abnormalities. 2006

Andrea Farwell, and Vincent Nero, and Melanie Croft, and Prabjot Bal, and D George Dixon
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1. afarwell@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca

The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) early-life-stage bioassay (18-day test) provides a suitable laboratory model for the evaluation of toxicant impact. The naturally high variability in the time to hatch for medaka embryos is, however, a major limitation in terms of the duration of the test. In this study, the 18-day test was modified to use agitation to synchronize hatch and reduce time to hatch for nonexposed embryos. Then, bioassays were conducted using two different complex mixtures (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthenic acids (NAs)) to compare the sensitivity of the measurement endpoints using the 18-day standard protocol (SP) and the modified protocol (MP). Agitation reduced time to hatch by one third or more and improved hatch success (100%). The MP proved to be a more sensitive test method for the sublethal evaluation of a stressor (PAH mixture) that caused reduced hatch length and induced signs of blue sac disease (BSD) including heart deformities, yolk sac-pericardial edema, and cranial-skeletal deformities. In contrast, there was some variability in the sensitivity of the test methods for developmental endpoints for the sublethal evaluation of a stressor (NA mixture) that had no effect on hatch length and was a weak inducer of signs of BSD. Even though the sensitivity of the measurement endpoints were slightly more or less sensitive for the MP vs. SP depending on the mixture tested, the MP using agitation is recommended as a cost-effective and rapid alternative for screening the sublethal impact of toxicants on the early-life stages of fish.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009990 Oryzias The only genus in the family Oryziinae, order BELONIFORMES. Oryzias are egg-layers; other fish of the same order are livebearers. Oryzias are used extensively in testing carcinogens. Japanese Medaka,Killifish, Japanese,Medaka,Japanese Killifish,Japanese Rice Fish,Medaka Killifish,Oryzias latipes,Oryziinae,Killifish, Medaka,Medakas
D011084 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbons that contain extended fused-ring structures. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic,Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon,Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons,Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Polycyclic,Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Polynuclear,Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic,Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polynuclear,Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons,Hydrocarbon, Polycyclic Aromatic,Hydrocarbon, Polynuclear Aromatic,Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Polycyclic,Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic,Hydrocarbons, Polynuclear Aromatic
D002264 Carboxylic Acids Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. Carboxylic Acid,Acid, Carboxylic,Acids, Carboxylic
D004625 Embryo, Nonmammalian The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO. Embryonic Structures, Nonmammalian,Embryo, Non-Mammalian,Embryonic Structures, Non-Mammalian,Nonmammalian Embryo,Nonmammalian Embryo Structures,Nonmammalian Embryonic Structures,Embryo Structure, Nonmammalian,Embryo Structures, Nonmammalian,Embryo, Non Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Non-Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Nonmammalian,Embryonic Structures, Non Mammalian,Embryos, Non-Mammalian,Embryos, Nonmammalian,Non-Mammalian Embryo,Non-Mammalian Embryonic Structure,Non-Mammalian Embryonic Structures,Non-Mammalian Embryos,Nonmammalian Embryo Structure,Nonmammalian Embryonic Structure,Nonmammalian Embryos,Structure, Non-Mammalian Embryonic,Structure, Nonmammalian Embryo,Structure, Nonmammalian Embryonic,Structures, Non-Mammalian Embryonic,Structures, Nonmammalian Embryo,Structures, Nonmammalian Embryonic
D005260 Female Females
D000014 Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. Drug-Induced Abnormalities,Abnormalities, Drug Induced,Abnormality, Drug-Induced,Drug Induced Abnormalities,Drug-Induced Abnormality
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D047108 Embryonic Development Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS. Embryo Development,Embryogenesis,Postimplantation Embryo Development,Preimplantation Embryo Development,Embryonic Programming,Post-implantation Embryo Development,Postnidation Embryo Development,Postnidation Embryo Development, Animal,Pre-implantation Embryo Development,Prenidation Embryo Development, Animal,Development, Embryo,Development, Embryonic,Development, Postnidation Embryo,Embryo Development, Post-implantation,Embryo Development, Postimplantation,Embryo Development, Postnidation,Embryo Development, Pre-implantation,Embryo Development, Preimplantation,Embryonic Developments,Embryonic Programmings,Post implantation Embryo Development,Pre implantation Embryo Development

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