A major cause of infertility in women is occlusion of fallopian tubes. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopic chemoperturbation are the two traditionnal diagnostic options for tubal assessment. Recently hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy), an ultrasound-based technique that uses as a contrast agent fluid injected into the fallopian tubes via the uterine cavity, is gaining importance as an alternative procedure. The aim of this study is the analysis of several technic and semiologic aspects of HyCoSy. RESULTS advantges and limits are discussed throughout a review of literature. HyCoSy is a well tolerated outpatient technique. When performed by experienced operators, it servs as a valable first line screening test of tubal patency in low fertility women. It can confirme that tubes are patent and permits to select patients who need more invasive procedures.