OBJECTIVE To assess tubal patency by color Doppler hysterosalpingography (HSG). METHODS Comparative study of color Doppler HSG with roentgenogram HSG and chromolaparoscopy in infertile women of childbearing age. METHODS Clinical environment. METHODS Sixty female patients (22 to 39 years) with long-lasting infertility problems. METHODS Sterile saline was transcervically injected into the uterine cavity through a catheter and color Doppler HSG was performed. All the patients were submitted to roentgenogram HSG and chromolaparoscopy. METHODS The diagnostic efficacy of color Doppler HSG and its concordance with "gold standard" chromolaparoscopy were analyzed. RESULTS Correlation between color Doppler HSG and roentgenogram HSG with chromolaparoscopy occurred in 86% versus 93% of all women studied. CONCLUSIONS Color Doppler HSG with its accuracy and safety results a promising alternative technique to roentgenogram HSG in diagnosing tubal status in infertile patients.