Neurons in the cochlear nuclei controlling the tensor tympani muscle in the rat: a study using pseudorabies virus. 2007

I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4074 BST3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA, and Otolaryngologic Clinic Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Greece. ibillig@pitt.edu

The middle ear muscle reflex has been implicated in modulation of auditory input and protection of the inner ear from acoustic trauma. However, the identification of neurons in the cochlear nuclei participating in this reflex has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we injected the retrograde transynaptic tracer pseudorabies virus into single tensor tympani (TT) muscles, and identified transynaptically labeled cochlear nucleus neurons at multiple survival times. Motoneurons controlling TT were located ventral to the ipsilateral motor trigeminal nucleus and extended rostrally towards the medial aspect of the lateral lemniscus. Transynaptically labeled neurons were observed bilaterally in the dorsal and dorso-medial parts of ventral cochlear nuclei as early as 48 h after virus injection, and had morphological features of radiate multipolar cells. After >or=69 h, labeled cells of different types were observed in all cochlear nuclei. At those times, labeling was also detected bilaterally in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and periolivary cell groups in the superior olivary complex. Based on the temporal course of viral replication, our data strongly suggest the presence of a direct projection of neurons from the ventral cochlear nuclei bilaterally to the TT motoneuron pool in rats. The influence of neurons in the cochlear nuclei upon TT activity through direct and indirect pathways may account for multifunctional roles of this muscle in auditory functions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009046 Motor Neurons Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS. Neurons, Motor,Alpha Motorneurons,Motoneurons,Motor Neurons, Alpha,Neurons, Alpha Motor,Alpha Motor Neuron,Alpha Motor Neurons,Alpha Motorneuron,Motoneuron,Motor Neuron,Motor Neuron, Alpha,Motorneuron, Alpha,Motorneurons, Alpha,Neuron, Alpha Motor,Neuron, Motor
D011558 Herpesvirus 1, Suid A species of VARICELLOVIRUS producing a respiratory infection (PSEUDORABIES) in swine, its natural host. It also produces an usually fatal ENCEPHALOMYELITIS in cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, foxes, and mink. Aujeszky's Disease Virus,Swine Herpesvirus 1,Aujeszky Disease Virus,Herpesvirus 1 (alpha), Suid,Herpesvirus Suis,Pseudorabies Virus,Suid Herpesvirus 1,Aujeszkys Disease Virus,Herpesvirus 1, Swine,Pseudorabies Viruses,Virus, Pseudorabies,Viruses, Pseudorabies
D002772 Cholera Toxin An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells. Cholera Toxin A,Cholera Toxin B,Cholera Toxin Protomer A,Cholera Toxin Protomer B,Cholera Toxin Subunit A,Cholera Toxin Subunit B,Choleragen,Choleragenoid,Cholera Enterotoxin CT,Cholera Exotoxin,Cholera Toxin A Subunit,Cholera Toxin B Subunit,Procholeragenoid,Enterotoxin CT, Cholera,Exotoxin, Cholera,Toxin A, Cholera,Toxin B, Cholera,Toxin, Cholera
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013719 Tensor Tympani A short muscle that arises from the pharyngotympanic tube (EUSTACHIAN TUBE) and inserts into the handle of the MALLEUS. This muscle pulls the handle medially thus controlling the tension and movement of TYMPANIC MEMBRANE. Tensor Tympanus,Tympani, Tensor,Tympanus, Tensor
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D017626 Cochlear Nucleus The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus is located lateral and dorsolateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncles and is functionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts. It is tonotopically organized, performs the first stage of central auditory processing, and projects (directly or indirectly) to higher auditory areas including the superior olivary nuclei, the medial geniculi, the inferior colliculi, and the auditory cortex. Cochlear Nuclei,Nuclei, Cochlear,Nucleus, Cochlear
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D020318 Rats, Long-Evans An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively. Long-Evans Rat,Long Evans Rats,Evans Rats, Long,Long Evans Rat,Long-Evans Rats,Rat, Long-Evans,Rats, Long Evans

Related Publications

I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
September 1982, Neuroscience letters,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
January 1976, Acta oto-laryngologica,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
May 1999, Journal of the autonomic nervous system,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
March 2007, Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
August 1998, Journal of the autonomic nervous system,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
November 1975, Experimental neurology,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
January 1986, Hearing research,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
January 1995, The international tinnitus journal,
I Billig, and M S Yeager, and A Blikas, and Y Raz
August 1985, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
Copied contents to your clipboard!