[Evaluation of body composition and bone mineral density in women with rheumatoid arthritis]. 2007

Raíssa Gomes da Silva, and Maria Guadalupe Barbosa Pippa, and Cristiano Augusto de Freitas Zerbin
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo e Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo/SP. raissajp@gmail.com

Decrease of bone mass and changes in body composition are common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) especially in users of glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and its correlation to factors of body composition in women with RA. METHODS BMD and body composition (total and regional) were measured by DXA in 83 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, a lateral dorsal and lumbar spine x-ray was carried out as well as laboratory tests (rheumatoid factor, inflammatory exams). Information about activity of disease, functional class, physical activity and alimentary data were collected using specific questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence of osteoporosis in menopausal patients was 21.4% (12 patients), of osteopenia 46.4% (26 patients) while 32.1% were normal (18 patients). Osteoporosis was similar in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. More than half the patients showed low BMD in the lumbar and/or femoral neck. Non Caucasian and premenopausal women had the highest values of BMD averages. The cumulative dose of glucocorticoids for the last two years was a negative determinant of total lean mass. Age had a negative effect on BMD and body composition measurements. BMI showed a positive effect in all BC variables. Functional classes 3 and 4 had a negative effect only on the BMD total. Physical activity had a positive effect on BMD of the total femur. Duration of RA had a negative effect on BMD in the lumbar spine. The GC dose used in the last 3 months showed a negative effect on the total lean mass (MMT) and doses of the last 2 years had a positive effect on the total fat percentage (TFP). Finally, the estrogen exposure time (EET) indicated a positive effect on total fat percentage (TFP). CONCLUSIONS A decreased BMD found in 67.8% of patients suggests a better approach to prevention and treatment as from diagnosis of the disease. Age and non Caucasian race were negative factors for BMD values, while BMI was a positive factor for all BMD and body composition variables. The disease (RA) also had a negative influence on BMD of these women and use of GC produced changes in body composition, reducing the lean mass and increasing the fat percentage. Despite lack of evidence of a harmful direct action of oral corticoids on BMD, their use should be avoided. Therefore, preserving lean mass and enhancing BMD is important for these patients, in order to decrease fractures and falls.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010024 Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. Age-Related Osteoporosis,Bone Loss, Age-Related,Osteoporosis, Age-Related,Osteoporosis, Post-Traumatic,Osteoporosis, Senile,Senile Osteoporosis,Osteoporosis, Involutional,Age Related Osteoporosis,Age-Related Bone Loss,Age-Related Bone Losses,Age-Related Osteoporoses,Bone Loss, Age Related,Bone Losses, Age-Related,Osteoporoses,Osteoporoses, Age-Related,Osteoporoses, Senile,Osteoporosis, Age Related,Osteoporosis, Post Traumatic,Post-Traumatic Osteoporoses,Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis,Senile Osteoporoses
D001823 Body Composition The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat. Body Compositions,Composition, Body,Compositions, Body
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D005260 Female Females
D005938 Glucocorticoids A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. Glucocorticoid,Glucocorticoid Effect,Glucorticoid Effects,Effect, Glucocorticoid,Effects, Glucorticoid
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001172 Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D015502 Absorptiometry, Photon A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION. Absorptiometry, X-Ray,Dual-Photon Absorptiometry,Photodensitometry, X-Ray,Photon Absorptiometry,Single-Photon Absorptiometry,X-Ray Absorptiometry,Absorptiometry, Dual X-Ray,Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy Radiographic,Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy X-Ray,DEXA Scan,DPX Absorptiometry,DXA Scan,Densitometry, X-Ray,Densitometry, Xray,Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry,Dual-Energy Radiographic Absorptiometry,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan,Radiographic Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy,X-Ray Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy,X-Ray Photodensitometry,Absorptiometries, DPX,Absorptiometry, DPX,Absorptiometry, Dual Energy Radiographic,Absorptiometry, Dual Energy X Ray,Absorptiometry, Dual X Ray,Absorptiometry, Dual-Photon,Absorptiometry, Single-Photon,Absorptiometry, X Ray,DEXA Scans,DXA Scans,Densitometry, X Ray,Dual Energy Radiographic Absorptiometry,Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry,Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry Scan,Dual Photon Absorptiometry,Dual X Ray Absorptiometry,Photodensitometry, X Ray,Radiographic Absorptiometry, Dual Energy,Scan, DEXA,Scan, DXA,Scans, DEXA,Scans, DXA,Single Photon Absorptiometry,X Ray Absorptiometry,X Ray Absorptiometry, Dual Energy,X Ray Photodensitometry,X-Ray Absorptiometry, Dual,X-Ray Densitometry,Xray Densitometry
D015519 Bone Density The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS. Bone Mineral Content,Bone Mineral Density,Bone Densities,Bone Mineral Contents,Bone Mineral Densities,Density, Bone,Density, Bone Mineral

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