BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that a hospitalist service created to medically manage patients with hip fracture reduced time to surgery and length of hospital stay, with no difference in inpatient mortality, compared with patients who received standard care. Whether this improved efficiency affects long-term mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of this hospitalist service versus standard care on mortality up to 1 year and identified predictors of mortality in patients with hip fracture. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Tertiary care center. METHODS Four hundred and sixty-six consecutive patients admitted for surgical repair of a hip fracture in 2000-2002 with 93% 1-year follow-up. RESULTS There was no significant difference in survival of the patients between those on the hospitalist care service and those on the standard care service (70.5% [CI: 64.8%, 76.7%] vs. 70.6% [CI: 64.9%, 76.8%]; P = .36), despite the shortened time to surgery and decreased length of stay in the hospitalist group. Predictors of mortality included: admission from a nursing home (hazard ratio [HR] 2.24, [CI: 1.73, 2.90]); age at admission (HR 1.17 [CI: 0.99, 1.38]); inpatient complications, including ICU admission, myocardial infarction, or acute renal failure (HR 1.85 [CI: 1.45, 2.35]); and ASA class III or IV compared with ASA class II (HR 4.20 [CI: 2.21, 7.99]). CONCLUSIONS The improved efficiency in reducing length of stay and time to surgery in the hospitalist group did not adversely affect long-term mortality of this patient population.