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The effects of the state of arousal on photically evoked blink reflex were studied. Eyelid potential (ELP), the averaged electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle, was used to define the onset latency and intensity of the reflex. ELP was maximum with the shortest latency when the subjects were awake and doing mental arithmetic. ELP amplitude gradually decreased and the latency lengthened with the advance in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep stages. In the REM stage, ELP was augmented and resembled that when awake. ELP is useful as an objective sign of the photically evoked blink reflex, which closely reflects cortical activities and brain stem function.
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
January 1976,
Journal of neurology,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
January 1967,
Nihon seirigaku zasshi. Journal of the Physiological Society of Japan,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
January 1972,
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
January 1990,
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985),
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
December 1971,
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
May 1971,
Experimental brain research,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
January 1977,
Rivista di neurologia,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
May 1964,
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Y Hoshina, and
Y Sakuma
January 1978,
Rivista di neurologia,
