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Naive and primed alpha beta T cells can be distinguished on the basis of their differential expression of CD45RA and CD45RO, respectively. The present study indicates that these CD45-isoforms also identify naive and primed maturational stages of gamma delta T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In peripheral blood, all V gamma 9-V delta 2 gamma delta T cells reportedly express CD45RO whereas all V delta gamma delta T cells lack CD45RO. Here, we show that these CD45RO- V delta gamma delta T cells all express CD45RA and the CD45RO+ V.9-V delta 2 gamma delta cells lack expression of CD45RA. The V delta T cells acquired CD45RO expression and lost part of their surface CD45RA, following in vitro activation with phytohaemagglutinin or IL-2. Also the CD3-CD16+ NK cells in peripheral blood that are uniformly CD45RA+ CD45RO- completely converted to the CD45RA-CD45RO+ phenotype upon in vitro activation. Moreover, all cloned V.9-V delta 2 and V delta 1 T cells and NK cells express CD45RO and lack expression of CD45RA. Our results strongly suggest that CD45RA and CD45RO are genuine markers for naive and primed lymphocytes that represent distinct differentiation lineages.
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