Biomaterial Database

Flow injection analysis using carbon film resistor electrodes for amperometric determination of ambroxol. 2008

Fabiana S Felix, and Christopher M A Brett, and Lúcio Angnes

Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.

Flow injection analysis (FIA) using a carbon film sensor for amperometric detection was explored for ambroxol analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. The specially designed flow cell designed in the lab generated sharp and reproducible current peaks, with a wide linear dynamic range from 5x10(-7) to 3.5x10(-4) mol L(-1), in 0.1 mol L(-1) sulfuric acid electrolyte, as well as high sensitivity, 0.110 Amol(-1) L cm(-2) at the optimized flow rate. A detection limit of 7.6x10(-8) mol L(-1) and a sampling frequency of 50 determinations per hour were achieved, employing injected volumes of 100 microL and a flow rate of 2.0 mL min(-1). The repeatability, expressed as R.S.D. for successive and alternated injections of 6.0x10(-6) and 6.0x10(-5) mol L(-1) ambroxol solutions, was 3.0 and 1.5%, respectively, without any noticeable memory effect between injections. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of ambroxol in pharmaceutical samples and the results obtained were compared with UV spectrophotometric and acid-base titrimetric methods. Good agreement between the results utilizing the three methods and the labeled values was achieved, corroborating the good performance of the proposed electrochemical methodology for ambroxol analysis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002244	Carbon	A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.	Carbon-12,Vitreous Carbon,Carbon 12,Carbon, Vitreous
D004364	Pharmaceutical Preparations	Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.	Drug,Drugs,Pharmaceutical,Pharmaceutical Preparation,Pharmaceutical Product,Pharmaceutic Preparations,Pharmaceutical Products,Pharmaceuticals,Preparations, Pharmaceutical,Preparation, Pharmaceutical,Preparations, Pharmaceutic,Product, Pharmaceutical,Products, Pharmaceutical
D004566	Electrodes	Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.	Anode,Anode Materials,Cathode,Cathode Materials,Anode Material,Anodes,Cathode Material,Cathodes,Electrode,Material, Anode,Material, Cathode
D000143	Acids	Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Acid
D000551	Ambroxol	A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	Bromhexine Metabolite VIII,4-(((2-Amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)methyl)amino)cyclohexanol,AMBROPP,Abrohexal,Ambril,Ambro-Puren,Ambrobeta,Ambrofur,Ambrohexal,Ambrolitic,Ambrolös,Ambroten,Ambroxin,Ambroxocompren,Bisolvon AM,Bronchopront,Bronchowern,Broxol,Contac Husten-Trunk,Dinobroxol,Duramucal,Ebromin,Expeflen,Expit,Farmabroxol,Flavamed,Frenopect,Gelopol,Larylin Husten-Löser,Lasolvan,Mibrox,Motosol,Muco-Fips,Mucosolvan,Mucotablin,NA-872,Pect Hustenlöser,Pulmonal S,Pädiamuc,Ringelheimer Pulmonal,Sekretovit,Surbronc,Therapin Hustenlöser,stas-Hustenlöser,AM, Bisolvon,Ambro Puren,AmbroPuren,Contac Husten Trunk,Contac HustenTrunk,Hustenlöser, Pect,Hustenlöser, Therapin,Larylin Husten Löser,Larylin HustenLöser,Metabolite VIII, Bromhexine,Muco Fips,MucoFips,NA 872,NA872,Pulmonal, Ringelheimer,stas Hustenlöser,stasHustenlöser
D015374	Biosensing Techniques	Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.	Bioprobes,Biosensors,Electrodes, Enzyme,Biosensing Technics,Bioprobe,Biosensing Technic,Biosensing Technique,Biosensor,Electrode, Enzyme,Enzyme Electrode,Enzyme Electrodes,Technic, Biosensing,Technics, Biosensing,Technique, Biosensing,Techniques, Biosensing
D017022	Flow Injection Analysis	The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.	Analysis, Flow Injection,Analyses, Flow Injection,Flow Injection Analyses,Injection Analyses, Flow,Injection Analysis, Flow
D053000	Analytic Sample Preparation Methods	Use of various chemical separation and extraction methods, such as SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; and SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; to prepare samples for analytical measurement of components.